排序方式: 共有77条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Ethics codes of a number of scientific societies across different disciplines promulgate ethical standards for responsible
conduct in research and other professional activities. The content of these codes of ethics are compared on key dimensions
of research, service or practice, and teaching in terms of the range and specificity of the activities these codes cover,
and in the degree to which they are educational, aspirational or regulatory in purpose. The role of professional associations
in educating, regulating, monitoring, and sanctioning their membership is also discussed.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the AAAS-Office of Research Integrity (ORI) meeting in Washington DC on
the theme: “The Role and Activities of Scientific Societies in Promoting Research Integrity” held on April 10–11, 2000. 相似文献
42.
Himadri Banerjee 《Sikh Formations》2018,14(2):135-161
The study argues that Odisha has long been a contested terrain between different Sikh traditions. The Otherization of Indian-Sikhs in Sikh Studies has marginalized their enduring and variegated agency in Odishan history. Immigrant Sikhs came from diverse territorial locations and wide-ranging professional expertise. Their growing presence, with numerous gurdwaras under an apex body, celebration of community festivals, Khalsa schools, and so on, gave them the opportunity to recreate home in Odisha. These representations made them not only a visible minority community in the host society, but transformed them into a diaspora. Some of these issues are critically examined in the essay. 相似文献
43.
Previous research has suggested that the understanding of modesty—downplaying one's achievements to evoke a positive social evaluation—develops in the primary school years. However, very little is known about how children's understanding of modesty is associated with social contextual factors, such as audience type. A sample of 92 children aged 8–11 years responded to hypothetical vignettes where the protagonist responded either modestly or immodestly to praise. The findings supported earlier indications of an increase with age in the understanding of modesty, and further found that modesty was judged as more appropriate for peer audiences than for adult audiences. No interactions between age group and audience type were observed. Children's increasing approval of modesty was associated with a tendency to justify their judgements by referring to concerns about social evaluation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
Robin. Banerjee Mark. Bennett Nikki. Luke 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2010,28(4):941-947
This study examined children's understanding of the distinctive ‘self‐presentational’ impacts of moral and social‐conventional rule violations. A sample of 80 children aged 7–8 and 9–10 years generated examples of interpersonal events that would upset others and events that would elicit social attention to the self. As expected, both age groups consistently identified moral violations as leading to the former, and deviations from social norms as leading to the latter. Crucially, when children were asked to identify the social‐evaluative consequences of those breaches, they exhibited a significant increase with age in recognizing the self‐presentational risks of social‐conventional deviations. 相似文献
45.
Robin. Banerjee Mark. Bennett Nikki. Luke 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2010,28(4):799-815
The accounts given by those who have violated a rule are likely to have important self‐presentational consequences, potentially reducing the negative impact of the breach on social evaluations of transgressors. However, little is known about young children's self‐presentational reasoning about such accounts. In the present study, a sample of 120 4‐ to 9‐year‐olds responded to rule violation stories where the transgressor uses either an apology, an excuse, or no account. Results showed that whereas children rated both account types similarly in terms of their impact on punishment consequences, even the youngest saw apologies as leading to significantly more positive social evaluation than excuses. Correspondingly, children were more likely to identify prosocial motives for apologies than for excuses, and more likely to identify self‐protective motives for excuses than for apologies. Explicit references to self‐presentational motives when explaining the accounts increased significantly with age, and were more likely following social‐conventional rather than moral rule violations. 相似文献
46.
Henry M. Wellman Paul L. Harris Mita Banerjee Anna Sinclair 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(2-3):117-149
Abstract Young children's early understanding of emotion was investigated by examining their use of emotion terms such as happy, sad, mud, and cry. Five children's emotion language was examined longitudinally from the age of 2 to 5 years, and as a comparison their reference to pains via such terms as burn, sting, and hurt was also examined. In Phase 1 we confirmed and extended prior findings demonstrating that by 2 years of age terms for the basic emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear are commonly used by children as are terms for such related states as crying and hurting. At this early age children produce such terms to refer to self and to others, and to past and future as well as to present states. Over the years from 2 to 5 children's emotion vocabulary expands, their discussion of hypothetical emotions gets underway, and the complexity of their emotion utterances increases. In Phase 2 our analyses go beyond children's production of emotion terms to analyses of their conception of emotion. We focus especially on when children use emotion terms to refer to subjective experiential states of persons. From their earliest uses of these terms in our data children 相似文献
47.
The present study examines post-migration educational investment by new immigrants to Canada from two perspectives. First, what are the factors that influence whether a new immigrant invests in post-migration education (PME)? Second, is investment in PME associated with improved earnings? The results indicate that younger immigrants from ??non-traditional?? source countries, who are already well educated, fluent in English or French, and worked in a professional or managerial occupation prior to migration are most likely to enroll in PME. But acceptance of previous work experience by Canadian employers lowers the likelihood of investing in PME. Family obligations also reduce the likelihood of participating in PME. Financial limitations are not found to affect participation in PME. The earnings effect of PME is dependent on the type of course undertaken. In the short term, job-related seminars lead to improved earnings growth, while post-secondary courses result in a period of deceased earnings growth. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
48.
49.
Karen S. Budd Steven Behling Yan Li Sangeeta Parikshak Rachel A. Gershenson Rachel Feuer Christina M. Danko 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(2):247-261
This study investigated the properties of a new rating instrument, the Parenting Questionnaire (PQ), designed to measure attitudes
about acceptable and unacceptable parenting practices. In Study 1, subject matter experts representing culturally diverse
psychologists, parents, and college students were consulted to identify 110 items receiving high endorsement. In Study 2,
items were administered to 1,398 undergraduate students to examine their factor structure and the effects of ethnicity and
gender differences on PQ factors. In Study 3, test–retest reliability (N = 92) and convergent validity (N = 142) of the PQ factors were examined. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (total of 63 items) with high
internal consistencies that accounted for a moderate amount of total variance (R
2 = .38). The factors were Critical Feedback (26 items), Supportive Feedback (26 items), and Physical Discipline (11 items).
Significant ethnicity and gender differences were found on the three PQ factors, as well as a significant interaction between
ethnicity and gender on the Supportive Feedback factor. PQ factor scores demonstrated good temporal stability, internal consistency,
and convergent validity. Overall findings suggest that the PQ is a reliable, stable, and valid measure of attitudes toward
parenting with three distinct factors. Future research directions with parents are discussed. 相似文献
50.
Previous research suggests that parental abuse and neglect can have adverse effects on children’s peer relationships and self-perceptions.
Emerging theoretical and empirical work suggests that children’s social understanding and empathy could play a key role as
mediators of these effects, but we have little knowledge about the viability of such a model in explaining the everyday experiences
of children in care. Thus, in order to gain an in-depth insight into the potentiality of this conceptual model, a focus group
and detailed semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a total of 10 foster carers. First, a thematic analysis
revealed that problematic self-perceptions and peer relationships were indeed commonplace. Crucially, in line with our theoretical
model, carers readily identified children’s difficulties with social understanding and empathy as relevant explanations for
their socio-emotional problems. Carers reported using a variety of strategies to help children, but expressed a need for a
clearer training package of practical strategies that could be used to encourage social understanding and empathy in children,
with the aim of improving their social relationships. 相似文献