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101.
In this paper I argue, first, that the most influential (and perhaps only acceptable) account of the epistemology of self-knowledge,
developed and defended at great length in Wright (1989b) and (1989c) (among other places), leaves unanswered a question about
the psychology of self-knowledge; second, that without an answer to this question about the psychology of self-knowledge,
the epistemic account cannot be considered acceptable; and third, that neither Wright's own answer, nor an interpretation-based
answer (based on a proposal from Jacobsen (1997)), will suffice as an acceptable answer to the psychological question. My
general ambition is thus to establish that more work is needed if we are to have a full account of self-knowledge in both
its epistemological and psychological aspects. I conclude by suggesting how my thesis bears on those who aim to provide an
empirical account of the cognition involved in self-knowledge.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
102.
Regression analyses showed that prenatal caffeine exposure in 50 neonates was predictive of higher heart rates overall and during quiet and active sleep after the effects of alcohol, nicotine and SES, and maternal age were statistically controlled. Separate effects also showed that lower SES was related to higher neonatal heart rates. 相似文献
103.
Michael H. Boyle David R. Offord Yvonne Racine Mark Sanford Peter Szatmari Jan E. Fleming Nancy Price-Munn 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1993,21(6):663-681
This article presents evaluative data on the use of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and AdolescentsRevised (DICAR) to classify DSM-IIIR disorders in the general population. Data for the analyses came from a probability sample (N=251) of parentchild/adolescent dyads aged 6 to 16 separately administered the DICAR on two occasions, 10 to 20 days apart, by trained lay interviewers and child psychiatrists. Data are presented on prevalence,testretest reliability, parentchild/adolescent agreement, and trained lay interviewerchild psychiatrist agreement. High prevalences of oppositional defiant disorder derived from parent assessments and overanxious disorder and dysthymia derived from adolescent assessments suggest that these disorders may be overidentified. Interview data provided by 6 to 11year olds to classify the internalizing disorders were too unreliable to be useful. Agreement between parentchild/adolescent dyads was generally low while agreement between trained lay interviewerschild psychiatrists was generally high.This work was supported by funds from the National Health Research and Development Program (grant number 6606-3760-42) and the Ontario Ministry of Community and Social Services, and was carried out by the Child Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University and the Child and Family Centre, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, Ontario. Dr. Boyle is supported by a William T. Grant Foundation Faculty Scholar Award; Dr. Offord by a National Health Scientist Award, Health and Welfare Canada; Dr. Szatmari by a Research Fellowship, Ontario Mental Health Foundation; and Dr. Fleming by a NARSAD Young Investigator Award. The authors wish to thank the Hamilton Board of Education, particularly Mr. Keith Reilly and Mr. Owen Jackson; principals and teachers of the Board; and parents and students for their help on this project. Our appreciation also extends to Ms. Barb Hall who assisted in the analysis of the data. 相似文献
104.
Philip Sanford Zeskind Adam Wilhite Timothy R. Marshall 《Infant and child development》1993,2(2):99-105
The purpose of this study was to examine experimentally the effects of the temporal structure of infant crying on mothers' perceptions. Eighteen mothers of young infants rated variations of a 10-sec cry in which durations of all expiratory sounds and pauses were digitally lengthened and shortened by 50%. Results showed a general monotonic effect in which cries with increasingly shorter pauses were perceived to be more arousing, aversive, informative, and rough. Similarly, cries with short expirations were perceived to be more rhythmic and rough than cries with long expirations. The strength of the monotonic effect for pause duration on ratings of urgency interacted with the duration of expiratory sounds such that the combination of short pauses and short expirations created the greatest perceived urgency. This study replicates and extends previous findings which show that gradations in acoustic features of crying are associated with gradations in the intensity of adults' perceptions. 相似文献
105.
106.
The accessibility of pronominal antecedents as a function of episode shifts in narrative text 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A. Anderson S. C. Garrod A. J. Sanford 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1983,35(3):427-440
One of the characteristics of connected discourse is that entities introduced are often referred to again at a later point. Such anaphoric reference clearly necessitates a memory representation of the prior text, so that the new reference can be established as coreferential with the old. In this paper, a distinction is made between people introduced in a narrative who depend upon a particular setting in order to be interpreted (scenario-dependent entities), and those who do not (main characters). It is argued that the availability of representations of these two types of character in working memory will depend upon whether the text indicates a change in setting to have occurred. Two experiments are described which show that dependent entities become less available if a change has occurred, while main characters are not so affected. The first study uses incidence of mention in a passage continuation procedure as an index of availability, while the second uses reading time and question-answering latencies. The experiments rule out any simple view that availability depends only upon how far back in the text a character was mentioned, and illustrate how passage of time in a narrative serves as a cue for recognizing the end of an episode. 相似文献
107.
108.
Some members of prespecified classes are accepted as members more rapidly than others. This has normally been ascribed to processes operating at a stage where the members are evaluated with respect to the category. An alternative locus could be at an “encoding” stage. It is shown with two experiments that this seems most unlikely, and evidence emerges to support the idea that word-naming and classification tasks show a crucial independence of process. It would seem to be necessary to reevaluate any simplistic notions of processing stages in semantic verification tasks. 相似文献
109.
Paul Whittle A. J. Sanford Richard Latto Ivana Markova 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1969,21(4):384-386
Techniques of Photostimulation in Biology. Edited by B. H. Crawford. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. 1968. Pp. 317. £5 17s.
The Figure-ground Phenomenon in Experimental and Phenomenological Psychology. By Jan C. Bauman. Stockholm: Published by the author. 1968. Pp. 269.
Methods for the the Measurement of Psychological Performance. (IBP Handbook No. 10). By S. Bieshevel. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1969. Pp. iv + 98. 20s.
Experimental Neuropsychology—A Laboratory Manual. By Benjamin L. Hart. San Francisco. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1969. Pp. 102. £2.
Studies in Cognitive Development. Edited by D. Elkind and J. H. Flavell. London: Oxford University Press. 1969. Pp. xix + 502. 84s. 相似文献
The Figure-ground Phenomenon in Experimental and Phenomenological Psychology. By Jan C. Bauman. Stockholm: Published by the author. 1968. Pp. 269.
Methods for the the Measurement of Psychological Performance. (IBP Handbook No. 10). By S. Bieshevel. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1969. Pp. iv + 98. 20s.
Experimental Neuropsychology—A Laboratory Manual. By Benjamin L. Hart. San Francisco. W. H. Freeman and Company. 1969. Pp. 102. £2.
Studies in Cognitive Development. Edited by D. Elkind and J. H. Flavell. London: Oxford University Press. 1969. Pp. xix + 502. 84s. 相似文献
110.
Group psychotherapy with borderline patients is challenging work. A group in which the core of patients falls within this nosological category is described. The phrase reinterpretive distortion is used to characterize an aspect of these patients' communication style which makes their effective treatment quite difficult. Examples of the phenomenon are offered, as is an explanation of the dynamics which give rise to it and the functions it seems to serve. Effective ways to deal with reinterpretive distortions in the group psychotherapy context are suggested. 相似文献