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951.
Jörg M. Müller Christian Postert Thomas Beyer Tilman Furniss Sandra Achtergarde 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(2):246-254
Eleven short versions of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) assessing general psychopathology, containing 5 to 53 items, were
compared on the basis of data from a sample of one hundred mothers of 0-to-6-year-old children referred for treatment at a
Child Psychiatric Family Day Hospital in Münster, Germany. The SCL short versions were compared with regard to internal consistency,
sensitivity and specificity, ability to distinguish between subjects by a new test index (PDTS), and association with indicators
of validity (SCL-90-R Global Severity Index, BDI scores). All short versions showed almost equally high internal consistency,
sensitivity and specificity, and high correlations with validity indices. The PDTS test index describes a ‘good’ ability of
the original SCL-90-R to differentiate between subjects, a ‘moderate’ performance for the BSI, the HSCL-25 and the SCL-27,
and a ‘poor’ performance of the very short forms—according to the standards of interpreting PDTS scores. The SCL-10S is recommended
for screening purposes because this scale represented the best compromise between economy and accuracy. However, for other
research and clinical purposes, the use of one of the longer short versions (BSI, HSCL-25, or SCL-27) is recommended because
of their superior discriminative ability. 相似文献
952.
Esterberg ML Goulding SM Walker EF 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(4):515-528
Cluster A personality disorders (PD), including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), paranoid personality disorder (PPD),
and schizoid PD, are marked by odd and eccentric behaviors, and are grouped together because of common patterns in symptomatology
as well as shared genetic and environmental risk factors. The DSM-IV-TR describes personality disorders as representing stable
and enduring patterns of maladaptive traits, and much of what is understood about Cluster A personality disorders in particular
stems from research with adult populations. Less in known about these disorders in children and adolescents, and controversy
remains regarding diagnosis of personality disorders in general in youth. The current paper reviews the available research
on Cluster A personality disorders in childhood and adolescence; specifically, we discuss differentiating between the three
disorders and distinguishing them from other syndromes, measuring Cluster A disorders in youth, and the nature and course
of these disorders throughout childhood and adolescence. We also present recent longitudinal data from a sample of adolescents
diagnosed with Cluster A personality disorders from our research laboratory, and suggest directions for future research in
this important but understudied area. 相似文献
953.
Written emotional disclosure buffers the effects of social constraints on distress among cancer patients. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Sandra G Zakowski Alona Ramati Carla Morton Peter Johnson Robert Flanigan 《Health psychology》2004,23(6):555-563
The aims of the present study were to examine whether written emotional disclosure would reduce distress among cancer patients and whether it would buffer the effects of high levels of social constraint (negative social responses to patients' expressions of emotion regarding their cancer) on distress. Cancer patients (N=104) were randomly assigned to write about their emotions regarding their cancer 20 min a day for 3 days or to write about a nonemotional topic. They completed questionnaires at baseline and 6 months postintervention. Results showed that written disclosure buffered the effects of social constraints on stress at the 6-month follow-up and that avoidance partly mediated these effects. The present data reinforce the notion that interventions should be tailored to patients' needs. 相似文献
954.
In this study we assessed individual differences among preschoolers' emotion understanding, verbal ability, and gender role behavior. Fifty-three children (M = 3 years, 5 months; 26 girls, 27 boys) participated in task that used puppets to assess their understanding of simple (happy, sad) and complex emotions (proud, embarrassed) and a standard vocabulary task. Parents completed a questionnaire on the frequency of their children's gender-typed behavior. Results indicated positive associations between children's total emotion understanding and both general verbal ability (particularly for boys) and parents' perceptions of stereotypic feminine behaviors. Gender analysis revealed that, independent of vocabulary ability, girls scored higher than boys on emotion labeling and understanding of complex emotions, especially the concept of pride. Results are discussed in relation to individual differences and effects of sociocultural context. 相似文献
955.
Sandra L. Baker-Morissette Suzy Bird Gulliver Markus Wiegel David H. Barlow 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2004,26(2):107-112
This study examined the point prevalence of smoking in patients with anxiety disorders who do not have comorbid alcohol or substance abuse or dependence (ASAD). In a retrospective chart review, the smoking status of 581 patients with anxiety disorders was assessed. Patients, ages 18–65, were seeking treatment for anxiety disorders at an outpatient clinic that specialized in anxiety and related disorders. All participants were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—IV, during which their smoking status was assessed. The prevalence of smoking across all anxiety disorders was 14.8%, which is much lower than found in the general population (23.3%; CDC, 2002) and even lower than previous estimates in individuals with comorbid anxiety and ASAD. Individuals with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder had the highest prevalence of smoking, although these rates were still considerably lower than those found in previous studies of smokers with anxiety disorders. Reasons for lower prevalence estimates are discussed. 相似文献
956.
Sandra L. Calvert Brian A. Mahler Sean M. Zehnder Abby Jenkins Mickey S. Lee 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2003,24(6):627-644
Preadolescent children who did not know one another interacted in a multiuser domain (MUD), an online site designed to facilitate identity exploration and peer interaction. Each child participated in two separate sessions, one with a same-sex and one with an opposite-sex peer. Children created characters that reflected real-life properties of themselves, such as gender and interests in popular culture. Boys in same-sex pairs interacted with one another through action, rapid changes, and playful exchanges. Girls in same-sex pairs interacted primarily through written dialogue. In mixed pairs, boys wrote more and engaged in less playful exchanges, and girls wrote fewer and increased their actions. The results suggest that boys and girls have their own unique play styles with same-sex peers, but will moderate those patterns during late childhood to communicate with peers of the opposite sex. 相似文献
957.
How do infants map words to their meaning? How do they discover that different types of words (e.g. noun, adjective) refer to different aspects of the same objects (e.g. category, property)? We have proposed that (1) infants begin with a broad expectation that novel open‐class words (both nouns and adjectives) highlight commonalities (both category‐ and property‐based) among objects, and that (2) this initial expectation is subsequently fine‐tuned through linguistic experience. We examine the first part of this proposal, asking whether 11‐month‐old infants can construe the very same set of objects (e.g. four purple animals) either as members of an object category (e.g. animals) or as embodying a salient object property (e.g. four purple things), and whether naming (with count nouns vs. adjectives) differentially influences their construals. Results support the proposal. Infants treated novel nouns and adjectives identically, mapping both types of words to both category‐ and property‐based commonalities among objects. 相似文献
958.
Speech problems are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Although often attributed to neurological damage common to the disease speech problems have been successfully treated through the use of behavior analytic techniques. This study was a replication and extension of that line of research. The participant in this study was an elderly woman diagnosed with Alzheimer's who was referred for services due to frequent irrational statements and infrequent rational statements. Both standard functional analysis and modified functional analysis conditions were conducted. It appeared the irrational statements were controlled by social reinforcement. Several treatment packages consisting of differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors and extinction components were implemented in an ABCDEAE treatment design. Results of the study suggest the intervention successfully increased rational statements but had no effect on irrational statements. These results indicate the need for further research on the conditions under which behavior analysis techniques will be most effective. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
959.
This article describes a systematized method for training clinical staff from a variety of mental health professions while implementing supportive, process‐oriented multiple family therapy (MFT) in a children's psychiatric hospital. The model uses a step‐by‐step approach based upon learning objectives specific to the theory and practice of MFT for each stage of the process. External consultants skilled and experienced in MFT supported tuition in the initial stages. The method employs seminars with theoretical and experiential components, highlighting the major conceptual features of group, family therapy and MFT. Advanced stages of the training model include experiential learning in small groups and ongoing peer group supervision with live families. The systematic procedure has relevance for ongoing supervision, research and best standards of clinical practice in the hospital. 相似文献
960.