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911.
Sandra Cluett Redden Steven R. Forness Sharon L. Ramey Craig T. Ramey Carl M. Brezausek Kenneth A. Kavale 《Journal of child and family studies》2001,10(2):255-270
Children in Head Start are at risk for school learning or behavioral problems. While Head Start has decreased special education placement, there has been little systematic data until recently on identification of children in disability categories following preschool. In this study, two cohorts of 6,162 children across 30 sites were followed through third grade. Approximately half of these children were provided transition assistance from kindergarten through third grade. This included school transition and curricular modifications, parent involvement activities, health screening or referrals, and family social services, all similar to those received in Head Start. They were compared to a similar group of Head Start children who did not receive such services beyond the Head Start experience. Special education eligibility was determined from school records in the spring of third grade. Only 0.89% of children in the transition group were identified in the mental retardation category compared to 1.26% in the non-transition group. In the category of emotional disturbance, these same figures were 1.21% and 1.65% respectively. Both differences were statistically significant, but an opposite effect was found in the category of speech or language impairment. Findings are discussed in relation to differences in disability categories and implications for early identification. 相似文献
912.
Sandra Leanne Bosacki 《International Journal of Children's Spirituality》2001,6(2):207-221
'Adolescents' spirituality' has emerged as a lively focus for discussion and research amongst both academics and practitioners. Yet remarkably little reference has been made to conceptions of the child provided by developmental educational psychology. To gain a holistic perspective of how preadolescents construct their sense of self, cultural meanings of sexuality and spirituality must also be examined. How do adolescents make the connections among a sense of body, self, and soul? What is the role of education? To address these issues, this paper draws on recent research that explored the connections between the self-concepts of Canadian preadolescents (9-12 year-olds) and their perceptions of their gender-role orientation. This paper undertakes an 'excavation' of psychocultural approaches to gender and language, and the mixed messages about early adolescent spirituality and gendered selves implicit in the respective understandings of psychological development. The examination of these theories unearths many points of resonance with contemporary debates about our expectations of the nature of spirituality and sexuality in preadolescence, and our interventions for its nurture. The paper examines gendered perceptions of femininity and masculinity in Canadian preadolescents and how these perceptions influence their self-worth or overall well-being. It focuses on the links between spirituality and gendered perceptions and understandings of emotions and self. The final section discusses the socio-educational implications of the research findings within the context of holistic education. In this way, dialogue with a psychocultural and holistic approach to psychology and education offers valuable additional vocabulary and grammar with which to tackle these challenges. 相似文献
913.
In four lexical decision experiments, we investigated masked morphological priming with Dutch prefixed words. Reliable effects
of morphological relatedness were obtained with visual primes and visual targets in the absence of effects due to pure form
overlap. In certain conditions, priming effects were significantly greater with semantically transparent prefixed primes (e.g.,
rename-name) relative to the priming effects obtained with semantically opaque prefixed words (e.g., relate-late), even with very brief (40-msec) prime durations. With visual primes and auditory targets (cross-modal priming), significant
facilitation was found in all related prime conditions, independent of whether or not primes were morphologically related
to targets. The results are interpreted within a bimodal hierarchical model of word recognition in which morphological effects
arise through the interplay of sublexical (morpho-orthographic) and supralexical (morpho-semantic) representations. The word
stimuli from this study may be downloaded as supplemental materials from http://mc.psychonomic-journals .org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
914.
Sandra I. Lopez‐Baez Matthew J. Paylo 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2009,87(3):276-283
This article discusses the community collaboration and systems advocacy domains of the ACA (American Counseling Association) Advocacy Competencies (J. A. Lewis, M. S. Arnold, R. House, & R. L. Toporek, 2002). A case illustration is presented, and the 8 Advocacy Competencies within each domain are applied to the case study. 相似文献
915.
The purpose of the present study was to give voice to fathers of young adult children diagnosed with schizophrenia within the past 10 years. A qualitative, phenomenological method was used to explore and describe the fathering experiences of the 6 volunteer participants. The findings suggest that mental health professionals should recognize the needs and important role of fathers in the lives of their children who have schizophrenia. Suggestions are provided for counselors working with this population. 相似文献
916.
Sandra T. Sigmon Janell G. Schartel Barbara A. Hermann Anna G. Cassel Geoffrey L. Thorpe 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2009,27(3):188-200
Given that premenstrual distress is reported by large numbers of women, research has focused on the identification of biological
and psychological factors that influence its severity. Previous research suggests that women who are high in anxiety sensitivity
also report greater levels of premenstrual distress and negative affect. According to the menstrual reactivity hypothesis,
women who have a tendency to self-focus and catastrophize about physical sensations are more likely to report greater levels
of premenstrual distress. Cognitive schemas surrounding the menstrual cycle develop that are influenced by gender roles, cultural
stereotypes, and expectations about bodily sensations. Another cognitive process, rumination, may also be linked to increased
reports of premenstrual distress. Conceptually, the constructs of anxiety sensitivity and rumination share the tendency to
self-focus on internal states. The goal of this study was to investigate how these two constructs relate to the prediction
of premenstrual distress in a large sample of healthy undergraduate women (N = 478). Using mediational modeling, support was found for a mediational model; women who reported high levels of rumination
and anxiety sensitivity reported the greatest premenstrual distress. These results are discussed within the framework of the
menstrual reactivity hypothesis, a diathesis-stress model of premenstrual distress. 相似文献
917.
Adaptation to novel visuomotor transformations for example when navigating a cursor on a computer monitor by using a computer mouse, can be explicit or implicit. Explicit adjustments are made when people are informed about the occurrence and the type of a novel visuomotor transformation and intentionally modify their movements. Implicit adjustments, in contrast, are made without reportable knowledge of a novel visuomotor transformation and without a change intention. The relation of implicit adjustments to explicit adjustments needs further clarification. Here we show that these two types of adjustment occur at the same time and remain functionally independent. The size of total adjustment turned out to be the sum of explicit and implicit adjustments measured in isolation, even when both processes produce opposite outcomes. In perspective our results demonstrate that automatic, implicit processes of motor control are not superseded by intentional, explicit ones, but only superposed. 相似文献
918.
Paul Salmon Elizabeth Lush Megan Jablonski Sandra E. Sephton 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2009,16(1):59-72
The use of Yoga and other complementary healthcare interventions for both clinical and non-clinical populations has increased substantially in recent years. In this context, we describe the implementation of Hatha Yoga in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program of Kabat-Zinn and colleagues. This is embedded in a more general consideration of Yoga’s place in complementary healthcare. In providing this overview, we comment on the nature and quality of current research on Yoga, summarize current physiological and psychological explanations of its effects, and discuss practical issues related to teacher training and experience. 相似文献
919.
Sandra M. Stith Ting Liu L. Christopher Davies Esther L. Boykin Meagan C. Alder Jennifer M. Harris Anurag Som Mary McPherson J.E.M.E.G. Dees 《Aggression and violent behavior》2009,14(1):13-29
This review presents the results of a series of meta-analyses identifying the relative strength of various risk factors for child physical abuse and neglect. Data from 155 studies examining 39 different risk factors were included in the review. Large effect sizes were found between child physical abuse and three risk factors (parent anger/hyper-reactivity, family conflict and family cohesion). Large effect sizes were also found between child neglect and five risk factors (parent–child relationship, parent perceives child as problem, parent's level of stress, parent anger/hyper-reactivity, and parent self-esteem). 相似文献
920.