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131.
132.
Infant spatial working memory was assessed in 96 nine-month-old human infants using a modification of the delayed-response procedure. A person was the hidden stimulus, gaze was used as the response modality, the response context was a naturalistic "peek-a-boo" game, and a salient cue (i.e. curtains opening to reveal two windows) was used to evoke responses. Infants responded on most trials and performed significantly above chance in delay conditions of 10 and 20 seconds. Reinforcement affected performance, but performance was above chance even in a 0% reinforcement condition. These procedural variations boost estimates of infant spatial working memory over previous estimates and enhance the usefulness of the delayed-response procedure as a marker task for infant spatial working memory. 相似文献
133.
The research reported in this paper follows the perspective that decision making is a meaningful act that conveys information. Furthermore, the potential meanings associated with decision options may affect the decisions themselves. This idea is examined in the contexts of compensation, donation, and exchange. In general, judgments were relation dependent and meaning dependent. Furthermore, the results show nonmonotonicities and limited substitutability in a pattern that challenges straightforward ways of mapping decisions onto a common currency of utility. 相似文献
134.
135.
This longitudinal study was conducted among 102 women with non-metastasic breast cancer to identify the time evolution and prevalence of distress at specific times through diagnosis and treatment of disease: preliminary diagnosis, surgery, definitive diagnosis and chemotherapy. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the role of demographic, medical and psychosocial factors on distress. The results indicated that prevalence of distress was higher at initial diagnosis (25%) than the following time points (approximately 17%). The differences inter-individuals in the levels of distress were observed over the four assessments. No relation between distress and demographic and medical factors was found. However, psychosocial aspects were significant risk factors. Patterns of emotional suppression and specific coping responses like helplessness/hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, cognitive avoidance and fatalism were positively related to distress, whereas fighting spirit and perceived social support showed a protective role. Moreover, helplessness/hopelessness and anxious preoccupation jointly predicted 75% of cases and 98% non-cases of distress. Finally, a mediational model between emotional suppression and distress through helplessness/hopelessness was tested. Results support the necessity of routine distress screening all through the illness. Implications of data for psychosocial interventions with breast cancer patients are highlighted. 相似文献
136.
Elliott AM Mhanni AA Marles SL Greenberg CR Chudley AE Nyhof GC Chodirker BN 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(2):337-344
Telehealth involves the use of information and communications technology to deliver health services to patients over distance.
Canada is well suited to benefit from telehealth since many individuals live in remote, rural and isolated locations. Manitoba
is the easternmost prairie province and MBTelehealth is an active Canadian program that currently has 105 sites in 73 communities.
Although studies of patient satisfaction comparing telehealth to on-site clinical visits have been conducted, a comparative
study of the types of genetics patients seen via these two modalities has not been performed previously. In this study we:
(1) examined the uptake of telehealth in Genetics in Manitoba; (2) contrasted telehealth usage in Genetics with other clinical
programs; and (3) performed a comparative study of the types of Genetics referrals seen in 2008 on-site versus via telehealth.
Results indicate the uptake of telehealth is increasing and has made genetics outreach clinics unnecessary. The Program of
Genetics and Metabolism is consistently one of the top ten utilizers of telehealth within the province. With respect to discipline,
chi square analysis revealed the trends were not significantly different for on-site and telehealth encounters, with prenatal
referrals being the most common and Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer referrals being the least common. Referrals within
each discipline varied depending on the need for fetal assessment and physical examination. Telehealth was utilized regularly
for test results sessions across all disciplines. 相似文献
137.
Bank AM Barr R Calvert SL Parrott WG McDonough SC Rosenblum K 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(2):208-216
We describe the association between postpartum depression and the quantity and content of infant media use. Households with
depressed mothers viewed twice as much television as households with non-depressed mothers did, and depressed mothers appeared
to derive comparatively greater pleasure from television viewing. Maternal depression was associated with an increased exposure
to child-directed content by 6–9-month-old infants, although it was not associated with an increased exposure to adult-directed
programming. Depressed mothers also reported being less likely to sit and talk with their children during television use or
to consult outside sources of information about media. This increase in television exposure without corresponding parental
involvement could negatively affect developmental outcomes. 相似文献
138.
Schwartz LA Kazak AE Derosa BW Hocking MC Hobbie WL Ginsberg JP 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(2):138-146
In addition to the potential for ongoing health concerns, adolescent and young adult (AYA) childhood cancer survivors frequently
report posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The current study examines whether beliefs about health moderate the relationship
between the number of health problems and PTSS 2 months later in 140 survivors. Beliefs, as measured by scales of the Health
Competence Beliefs Inventory (HCBI), negatively related to PTSS while health problems positively related to PTSS. Three scales
of the HCBI-health perceptions, satisfaction with healthcare and cognitive competence—were significant moderators. The relationship
between health problems and PTSS was stronger in the presence of less adaptive beliefs. These beliefs represent potentially
malleable intervention targets for reducing PTSS in childhood cancer survivors. 相似文献
139.
140.
Sandra J. Tanenbaum 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2012,33(4):263-277
Poor quality medical care is sometimes attributed to physicians?? unwillingness to act on evidence about what works best. Evidence-based performance standards (EBPSs) are one response to this problem, and they are increasingly employed by health care regulators and payers. Evidence in this instance is judged according to the precepts of evidence-based medicine (EBM); it is probabilistic, and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard. This means that EBPSs suffer all the infirmities of EBM generally??well rehearsed problems with the external validity of research findings as well as the inferential leap from study results in the aggregate to individual patient care. These theoretical weaknesses promise to have a practical impact on the care of patients. To avoid this, EBPSs should be understood as guidelines indicative of average effectiveness rather than standards to be applied in every case. 相似文献