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Psychological symptoms were found to be associated with a number of cognitive appraisal and demographic variables but predicted primarily by perceived lack of control among information seekers in the aftermath of the Three Mile Island accident. Cognitive appraisal variables were found to be interrelated in a way which suggests that appraisal of control and faith in experts mediate between perceived environmental threat and psychological symptoms among information seekers in the aftermath of technological disaster. Demographic variables such as education and evacuation status are viewed as mediators between environmental circumstances and cognitive appraisals. 相似文献
13.
Psychological compensation: a theoretical framework. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The 2 main objectives of this article are to review a variety of literatures in which the concept of compensation is used and to integrate the results of this review into a general framework of compensation. The review focuses on 4 domains of psychological inquiry: compensation for sensory handicaps, cognitive deficits, interpersonal losses, and brain injury. In the proposed framework, underlying dimensions and 4 basic steps in the progression of compensatory behavior are distinguished. The latter include origins, mechanisms, forms, and consequences. Finally, we describe ways in which researchers in particular domains can benefit from the global, process-oriented framework we propose. For most of the areas of compensation research reviewed, investigators can profit from a consideration of a broader selection of dimensions, additional steps in the process, alternative outcomes, and both objective and subjective assessment procedures. 相似文献
14.
Dr. Alastair J. Flint Sandra E. Black Irene Campbell-Taylor Gillian F. Gailey Carey Levinton 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1992,21(5):383-399
In its early stages, Parkinson's disease (P.D.) may be difficult to distinguish from major depression (M.D.) leading to inappropriate management. Both illnesses are characterized by psychomotor retardation. The neurovegetative symptoms used to diagnose M.D. are not specific and in P.D. may be due to the physical illness itself. Currently, differentiation of the two disorders relies on subjective clinical observation. Improved diagnostic accuracy based on more objective data is needed. To this end, this study used computerized acoustic analysis to contrast speech patterns in P.D. and M.D. The sample consisted of 30 P.D. patients without depression or dementia, 30 patients with uncomplicated M.D., and 31 normal controls, each 60 years of age or over. Of the acoustic variables studied, M.D. patients had significantly reduced rates of speech compared with P.D. patients. The data suggest that this temporal measure of speech may be useful in the differentiation of P.D. and M.D. 相似文献
15.
Caryn L. Carlson Ph.D. William E. Pelham Jr. Richard Milich Joanne Dixon 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1992,20(2):213-232
Twenty-four boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participating in an intensive summer treatment program each received b.i.d. placebo and two doses of methylphenidate (MPH, 0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg) crossed with two classroom settings: a behavior modification classroom including a token economy system, time out and daily home report card, and a regular classroom setting not using these procedures. Dependent variables included classroom observations of on-task and disruptive behavior, academic work completion and accuracy, and daily self-ratings of performance. Both MPH and behavior modification alone significantly improved children's classroom behavior, but only MPH improved children's academic productivity and accuracy. Singly, behavior therapy and 0.3 mg/kg PMH produced roughly equivalent improvements in classroom behavior. Further, the combination of behavior therapy and 0.3 mg/kg MPH resulted in maximal behavioral improvements, which were nearly identical to those obtained with 0.6 mg/kg MPH alone.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Patricia Donovan, Michelle Berry, Mary Ingram, Patricia Wells, Beth Gnagy, Karen Greenslade, Mary Hamilton, and the entire staff of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic ADHD Summer Treatment Program. 相似文献
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Much of the methodology in stress research focuses on stress manifestation and organismic reactions to life’s crises. In contrast,
the present study sought to identify the major sources of stress and the nature of those sources. The results revealed a consistent
pattern in high and low stressors throughout the 3-year period of the study, and differences only of intensity between males
and females, not type of stress. Except for individuals’ temporal variations in critical events, the highest stressors for
the groups were external, primarily financial and time management. Internal sources, such as personal relationships and self-absorption,
were typically the lowest concerns. Everyday problems arising from current life styles seem to be significant sources of stress. 相似文献
18.
Dolores Subia BigFoot-Sipes Paul Dauphinais Teresa D. LaFromboise Sandra K. Bennett Wayne Rowe 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1992,20(3):113-122
Researchers examined the importance of similar ethnicity and the preference for a counselor of the same sex among American Indian secondary school students. 相似文献
19.
Lee Williams PhD Richard Bischoff MS Jacqueline Ludes MEd 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1992,14(4):309-322
With approximately one out of six married couples experiencing infertility, having a basic knowledge of infertility is important to marriage and family therapists. This paper presents important themes that infertile couples often struggle with and stresses the importance of having a biological, psychological, and social understanding of infertility. In addition, the paper suggests possible interventions that family therapists can use in helping infertile couples. 相似文献
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