未成年人内隐攻击性特征的实验研究

以不同性质的词组为实验材料,以偏好组词为测量方法,随机抽取136名初一学生,采用被试内设计来探讨内隐状态下未成年人在不同攻击类型倾向性上的差异及其与性别间的关系。结果表明:偏好组词法测量内隐攻击性的有效性;未成年人同样存在明显的内隐攻击性;在内隐状态下,个体的身体攻击倾向性显著高于语言攻击倾向性并且具有较高的性别一致性。     

Domestic Stress and Well-Being of Employed Women: Interplay Between Demands and Decision Control at Home

Family researchers have suggested that shared decision control is important for coping with stressful demands at home, whereas occupational stress theorists view personal decision control as an essential coping resource. We studied the effects of home demands, personal decision control, and shared decision control at home on burnout and satisfaction with life, using Karasek’s job-demands-control model to gauge home stress and its outcomes. Participants were 133 mothers employed in secretarial and managerial jobs. We hypothesized that shared control would correlate more strongly with burnout and satisfaction with life than would personal control. In multiple regression analyses, demands had independent main effects on both outcomes. Shared control significantly predicted satisfaction with life, but not burnout, and personal control predicted neither. It is suggested that in families (as in teams), shared decision control may be a more potent coping resource than personal control.     

Examining Racial Identity and Masculinity as Correlates of Self‐Esteem and Psychological Distress in Black Men

Data presented for 124 young adult Black men indicate that self‐esteem was positively related to participants' Internalization racial identity attitudes, and negatively related to conformity to traditional masculine norms in the dominant culture in the United States. Psychological distress was positively related to Pre‐Encounter and Immersion‐Emersion racial identity attitudes (J. E. Helms, 1995) and to conformity to masculine norms. Los datos se presentan para 124 jovenes adultos Negros, que indican que el autoestima fue relacionado positivamente a la Interiorización actitudes de la identidad racial, y negativamente relacionado a la conformidad a normas masculinas tradicionales en la cultura dominante en los Estados Unidos. La angustia psicológica fue relacionada positivamente al Pre‐Encounter y el Immersion‐Emersion actitudes de la identidad racial (J. E. Helms, 1995), y a la conformidad a las normas masculinas.     

现代视域下传统和谐思想的价值转换

中华传统和谐思想丰富多彩,它是维护中华民族统一的重要法宝,是推动中华民族文化发展的思想源泉。但是,传统和谐思想中也存在着消极的东西,特别是以等级划分为特征的历史局限。继承传统和谐思想的合理内核,并对传统和谐思想进行现代价值转换,对建构社会主义和谐社会具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

略论白玉蟾雷法在丹道修炼中的作用

道教雷法一般的作用为驱鬼治邪、祈雨禳灾,从表面看来与内丹锻炼毫无关系。但金丹派南宗自陈楠起,其门人必须兼习雷法,这么做的目的除了使修炼者功行双圆外,还有没有其它目的?本文首先依道经总结雷法的施行过程,然后对其中的要求作出分析,找出了雷法的主要目的:让修炼者通过修炼,而达与道合真之境。     

乒乓球运动员人格特征对比赛成绩及专业发展的影响

根据先前研究确定的乒乓球运动员人格特征,对少体队、省队、国家队三个层次的乒乓球运动员群体进行纵向追踪研究。研究结果发现,乒乓球运动员人格特征与其比赛成绩存在较高相关,能够较好的预测高水平运动的比赛成绩;升级组运动员在乐观性、宽容性、探究性、有恒性、自律性、果断性、稳定性等7项特质上优于未升级组运动员,乒乓球运动员人格特征可较准确地预测球员在专业水平上的成功表现。研究的结果支持了先前横向比较研究的结论:乒乓球运动员的人格特征主要由表现性、乐观性、变通性、宽容性、合作性、稳定性、探究性、紧张性、有恒性、自律性、独立性、果断性和工作专注13项心理特质组成。     

青春期性心理健康的初步研究

在文献综述、开放式问卷调查和个别访谈的基础上,提出了青春期性心理健康的理论构想,自编了“青春期性心理健康量表”。约1,600名青少年学生接受了测试。研究表明,该量表具有良好的信度和效度,青春期性心理健康体现在性认知(生理知识、性知识)、性价值观(性观念、性态度)和性适应(社会适应、性控制力、自身适应)等三个方面。     

生态学习观:一种审视学习的新视角

学习理论作为教育心理学的重要组成部分,百余年来发展繁盛。然而,无论是行为主义、信息加工、建构主义、还是目前流行的社会文化观,每一种学习理论所能描述和解释的不过是学习现象的某些方面或某一层次,都未能反映出人类学习的完整图景。本文尝试提出生态学习的思想,试图展现学习的整体、适应和多元的面孔。     

运用MDS对明清晋商组织管理结构的分析

本研究运用文献资料整理法和多维尺度分析法,对明清晋商组织管理的结构进行了研究。在对91名被试的有序分类数据结果进行统计处理后发现,Stress=0.13481＜0.20,DAF=0.86519＞0.60,表明模型拟合良好,具有一定的合理性,且明清晋商组织管理的结构可分为5个维度：（1）形式多样的激励手段;（2）开明的用人制度;（3）客观严格的选拔理念;（4）可持续发展的人力资源战略措施;（5）严格规范的制度与考核管理。同时,将本研究与同类研究结果进行比较发现,具有较高的一致性。     

Finding the Sweet Spot: Investigating the Effects of Relationship Closeness and Instrumental Activities in School‐based Mentoring

School‐based mentoring programs are popular prevention programs thought to influence youth development; but rigorous evaluations indicate that these programs often have small effects on youth outcomes. Researchers suggest that these findings may be explained by (a) mentors and mentees failing to develop a close relationship and (b) mentors not setting goals or focusing on specific skills necessary improve outcomes. We assessed these explanations using data from approximately 1360 mentor and mentee pairs collected through a national study of school‐based mentoring (called, “The Student Mentoring Program”). Specifically, we tested the influence of mentee‐reported relationship quality and mentor‐reported use of goal‐setting and feedback‐oriented activities on academic, behavioral, and social‐emotional outcomes. Results suggested that youth reported relationship quality was associated with small to medium effects on outcomes. Moreover, goal‐setting and feedback‐oriented activities were associated with moderate to large effects on outcomes. We also found significant interactions between relationship quality and goal‐setting and feedback‐oriented activities on youth outcomes. We conclude that there appears to be a “sweet‐spot” wherein youth outcomes are maximized. The results of this study suggest a need for school‐based mentoring programs to monitor and support mentors in developing a close relationship while also providing opportunities to set goals and receive feedback.