An analysis of programming DRL schedules in educational settings

Three methods for programming the differential reinforcement of low rate were explained, labeled, illustrated by research studies, and analyzed, but not compared. Spaced Responding DRL, the first and most common method in laboratory studies, was illustrated through the reduction of the inappropriate questioning by three behaviorally disturbed children. Full Session DRL, the most common method in applied studies, was illustrated through the reduction of talk-outs by an EMR male. Interval DRL, not previously presented in either applied or laboratory literature, was illustrated through the reduction of talk-outs by a 6-yr-old first grade girl. All methods proved effective, and an analysis of their differences and similarities was discussed.     

Modification of nasal resonance in cleft-palate children by informative feedback

Vibration of the walls of the nasal cavities during production of an English vowel or diphthong defined a hypernasal response. A crystal transducer on one side of the nose activated a voice-operated relay when vibration exceeded an arbitrary limit to provide an apparatus definition of the response. During training sessions, responses without nasal vibration turned on a white light in the sound-treated chamber. Subject 1 had a repaired cleft palate and mild hypernasal speech. Introduction of the differential feedback, reversal, and reinstatement of the feedback conditions resulted in a rapid decrease, increase, and decrease in percentage of nasalized productions of the /eI/ sound Subject 2 had a cleft of the soft palate and severe hypernasal speech. Introduction of feedback produced a gradual decline in the percentage of hypernasal productions of the /##/ sound over 22 sessions. Removal and reinstatement of feedback resulted in a rapid increase and decrease respectively in the percentage of nasalized responses.     

Magnetic tape operating systems for the PDP-8

A magnetic tape operation system (TMS) based on Digital Equipment Corporation’s 4K disk monitor system (DMS), but reconfigured to improve speed and performance on a magnetic tape, is described. The TMS is compared in organization to the DMS configured to run from DECtape. A magnetic tape system device handler for Digital Equipment Corporation’s OS-8, to allow this operating system to be ran from magnetic tape, is included.     

An automated system for primate instruction for behavioral neurophysiology

This paper describes a flexible hardware/software system developed for use with a PDP-8I computer for conducting research in behavioral neurophysiology. A real time monitor was designed to facilitate development, debugging, and modification of programs to run experiments. It relieves the programmer of the burden of dealing with hardware dependent functions such as interrupt handling and input/output. In addition, it provides the user with a large library of callable routines to perform functions commonly needed for conducting experiments. The monitor is modular in design and could be expanded or modified for use with many configurations of the PDP-8 family of computers.     

Parental Relationship and Value Orientation as Factors in Academic Achievement

The study applies a theory of group functioning to the family structure and identifies 2 variables hypothesized to bear a functional relationship to achievement—perceived strength of the parent-child relationship and perceived parental valuing of achievement. Grades earned in school provide the criterion. In the examination of these variables, the findings for males and females are contrasted. The resulting data reveal marked differences in male and female achievement orientations. In general, the findings for females conform to the predictions made, while those for males do not. Several interesting interactions are reported in which levels of intelligence are found in special combination with the other independent variables studied. The relationships identified are regarded as evidence particularly relevant to female achievement motivation.