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241.
The construct of narcissism has a lengthy history and has been operationalized and measured by a variety of instruments. In this study, five narcissism scales were compared in terms of alternative conceptualizations of narcissism offered by C. C. Morf and F. Rhodewalt (2001), D. L. Paulhus (2001), and S. Vazire and D. C. Funder (2006), using the domains and facets of the five-factor model as a common point of comparison. The findings provided little support for the conceptualizations of Morf and Rhodewalt or Vazire and Funder. Support was obtained for the conceptualization of Paulhus, particularly as assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and, secondarily, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. Implications for the assessment and conceptualization of narcissism are discussed. 相似文献
242.
Jean-Paul Doignon Samuel Fiorini Gwenaël Joret 《Journal of mathematical psychology》2006,50(3):251-262
The binary choice polytope appeared in the investigation of the binary choice problem formulated by Guilbaud and Block and Marschak. It is nowadays known to be the same as the linear ordering polytope from operations research (as studied by Grötschel, Jünger and Reinelt).The central problem is to find facet-defining linear inequalities for the polytope. Fence inequalities constitute a prominent class of such inequalities (Cohen and Falmagne; Grötschel, Jünger and Reinelt). Two different generalizations exist for this class: the reinforced fence inequalities of Leung and Lee, and independently Suck, and the stability-critical fence inequalities of Koppen. Together with the fence inequalities, these inequalities form the fence family. Building on previous work on the biorder polytope by Christophe, Doignon and Fiorini, we provide a new class of inequalities which unifies all inequalities from the fence family. The proof is based on a projection of polytopes. The new class of facet-defining inequalities is related to a specific class of weighted graphs, whose definition relies on a curious extension of the stability number. We investigate this class of weighted graphs which generalize the stability-critical graphs. 相似文献
243.
Age-related differences in timing with breaks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two groups of participants differing in age were compared on a time production task during which timing was temporarily interrupted. Produced intervals lengthened with increasing delay before the break occurrence, and the effect was more pronounced in older than in younger adults. A reaction time response to the signal beginning the break period was required also. Older participants responded more slowly to this signal, but they benefited to a greater extent from a lengthening of the time preceding its presentation. These results suggest that performance of older participants is affected by attention sharing and preparation involved in timing with breaks. 相似文献
244.
Ball SA 《Journal of personality disorders》2007,21(3):305-321
Within a psychotherapy development research project, thirty male (50%) and female (50%) personality disordered outpatients receiving methadone maintenance were randomly assigned to receive one of two 6-month manual-guided individual psychotherapies, Dual Focus Schema Therapy (DFST) or 12 Step Facilitation Therapy (12FT). All participants met diagnostic criteria for at least one personality disorder with antisocial, borderline, avoidant, and dependent being the most common. There were no significant differences between the two therapies for retention, utilization, or reductions in psychiatric symptoms or psychosocial impairment. Both therapy conditions demonstrated significant reductions in various severity indicators. Participants demonstrated more rapid decreases in the frequency of their substance use over six months of DFST in comparison to 12FT. DFST also was associated with a stronger therapeutic alliance between therapists and participants. Contrary to predictions, 12FT demonstrated better reduction of dysphoric affect than did DFST. DFST shows initial promise as the first time-limited manual-guided psychotherapeutic approach for the full range of personality disorders encountered in substance abuse patients. 相似文献
245.
An abbreviated version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) was developed using methods based in nonparametric item response theory. Participants included a nonclinical sample of 1,482 undergraduates (52% female, mean age = 19.4 years) as well as a clinical sample of 105 individuals (56% female, mean age = 36.4 years) diagnosed with either generalized (73%) or specific social phobia (27%). Twenty-three of the 45 SPAI items demonstrated good discrimination along the social anxiety continuum. In addition, option characteristic curves (OCCs) indicated that the SPAI's 7-point scale may generate errors in ranking individuals. Thus, options were collapsed to improve item performance. No gender differences emerged between any of the items' OCCs, suggesting that items function similarly among men and women. The abbreviated version also correlated highly with the original 45-item SPAI and exhibited similar patterns of correlations with measures of social anxiety. The SPAI-23 has considerable practical benefits, including a screening of both social and agoraphobic anxiety as well as decreased assessment and scoring time. 相似文献
246.
Adult language users have an enormous amount of experience with speech in their native language. As a result, they have very well-developed processes for categorizing the sounds of speech that they hear. Despite this very high level of experience, recent research has shown that listeners are capable of redeveloping their speech categorization to bring it into alignment with new variation in their speech input. This reorganization of phonetic space is a type of perceptual learning, or recalibration, of speech processes. In this article, we review several recent lines of research on perceptual learning for speech. 相似文献
247.
248.
Leonard S. Newman Jeffrey A. Nibert E. Samuel Winer 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(3):477-486
Research supporting the mnemic neglect model finds that people more easily recall positive than negative personality feedback, even when only asked to imagine that the feedback is real. The same bias is not found when people are asked to recall information about other people. Despite evidence that these findings reflect self‐enhancement motives, more research is needed to rule out the possibility that they instead simply reflect expectancies. Results supported the mnemic neglect model, and revealed that expectancies predicted recall only for a subgroup of participants who did not demonstrate the self–other recall bias characteristic of mnemic neglect: defensive pessimists, who are more likely than other people to process social information by comparing it to their expectancies. These findings suggest that mnemic neglect is not an artifact of expectancies, and is not driven by other self‐evaluation motives (such as self‐verification or self‐assessment). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
249.
Samuel Shaki Martin H. Fischer William M. Petrusic 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):328-331
This study compared the spatial representation of numbers in three groups of adults: Canadians, who read both English words
and Arabic numbers from left to right; Palestinians, who read Arabic words and Arabic-Indic numbers from right to left; and
Israelis, who read Hebrew words from right to left but Arabic numbers from left to right. Canadians associated small numbers
with left and large numbers with right space (the SNARC effect), Palestinians showed the reverse association, and Israelis
had no reliable spatial association for numbers. These results suggest that reading habits for both words and numbers contribute
to the spatial representation of numbers. 相似文献
250.
Harris LT McClure SM van den Bos W Cohen JD Fiske ST 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2007,7(4):309-316
The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) reliably activates in social cognition and reward tasks. This study locates distinct areas
for each. Participants made evaluative (positive/negative) or social (person/not a person) judgments of pictured positive
or negative people and objects in a slow event-related design. Activity in an anterior rostral region (arMPFC) was significantly
greater for positive than for negative persons but did not show a valence effect for objects, and this was true regardless
of the judgment task. This suggests that the arMPFC is tuned to social valence. Interestingly, however, no regions of the
MPFC were found to be responsive to social information independently of valence. A region-of-interest analysis of the paraanterior
cingulate cortex (pACC), previously implicated in reward processing, demonstrated sensitivity to the valence of all stimuli,
whether persons or objects, across tasks. Affective evaluation may be a general function of the MPFC, with some regions being
tuned to more specific domains of information (e.g., social) than are others. 相似文献