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901.
This research examined the psychophysiology of emotional arousal anticipatory to potentially aversive and highly pleasant outcomes. Human brain reactions (event-related potentials) and body reactions (heart rate, skin conductance, the probe startle reflex) were assessed along motivational gradients determined by apparent distance from sites of potential punishment or reward. A predator-prey survival context was simulated using cues that signaled possible money rewards or possible losses; the cues appeared to loom progressively closer to the viewer, until a final step when a rapid key response could ensure reward or avoid a punishing loss. The observed anticipatory response patterns of heightened vigilance and physiological mobilization are consistent with the view that the physiology of emotion is founded on action dispositions that evolved in mammals to facilitate survival by dealing with threats or capturing life-sustaining rewards. 相似文献
902.
Philosophical (p-) zombies are constructs that possess all of the behavioral features and responses of a sentient human being, yet are not conscious. P-zombies are intimately linked to the hard problem of consciousness and have been invoked as arguments against physicalist approaches. But what if we were to invert the characteristics of p-zombies? Such an inverse (i-) zombie would possess all of the behavioral features and responses of an insensate being, yet would nonetheless be conscious. While p-zombies are logically possible but naturally improbable, an approximation of i-zombies actually exists: individuals experiencing what is referred to as "anesthesia awareness." Patients under general anesthesia may be intubated (preventing speech), paralyzed (preventing movement), and narcotized (minimizing response to nociceptive stimuli). Thus, they appear--and typically are--unconscious. In 1-2 cases/1000, however, patients may be aware of intraoperative events, sometimes without any objective indices. Furthermore, a much higher percentage of patients (22% in a recent study) may have the subjective experience of dreaming during general anesthesia. P-zombies confront us with the hard problem of consciousness--how do we explain the presence of qualia? I-zombies present a more practical problem--how do we detect the presence of qualia? The current investigation compares p-zombies to i-zombies and explores the "hard problem" of unconsciousness with a focus on anesthesia awareness. 相似文献
903.
Richard W. Puddy Richard E. Boles Meredith L. Dreyer Julie Maikranz Michael C. Roberts Eric M. Vernberg 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(2):253-263
We illustrate the use of formative and summative assessment in evaluating a therapeutic classroom program for children with
serious emotional disturbances. Information was analyzed based on data gathered for clinical decision-making during treatment
(formative assessment) and measurement of outcomes at discharge (summative assessment) from a school-based Intensive Mental
Health Program. Results indicated that overall ratings of daily indicators of behavior across all environments (therapeutic
classroom, neighborhood school, and home) were predictive of functioning at discharge. An ecological approach during the formative
assessment period of evaluation is important as compared to only examining individual environments. Formative assessment techniques
can predict scores on a summative assessment measure. Thus, we found supportive evidence for the formative and summative procedures
used in the Intensive Mental Health Program for therapeutic interventions, clinical decision-making, and outcomes assessment. 相似文献
904.
Michael C. Roberts Eric M. Vernberg Bridget K. Biggs Camille J. Randall Anne K. Jacobs 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(2):277-289
The Intensive Mental Health Program meets the needs for services in school systems for children with serious emotional disturbances
and for training graduate students in clinical applications with a difficult-to-serve population. We address the range of
challenges and rewards experienced in the development of the comprehensive intervention program, the continued maintenance
of program elements, and the program evaluation. 相似文献
905.
Antonette M. Zeiss Bradley E. Karlin 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(1):73-78
Integrating mental health care in the primary care setting has been identified in the literature as a model for increasing
access to mental health services and has been associated with enhanced clinical and functional patient outcomes and higher
patient satisfaction. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which operates the nation’s largest integrated health care
system, has taken a leadership role in creating a health care system in which mental health care is provided in the primary
care setting. This article examines VA’s efforts and progress to date in implementing evidence-based models of integrated
mental health services nationally in community based outpatient clinics, home based primary care, and outpatient primary clinics
at medical facilities. Psychology plays an important role in this progress, as part of an overall interdisciplinary effort,
in which all professions are crucially important and work together to promote the overall well-being of patients.
This article is based in part on a presentation by the first author at the 3rd National Conference of the Association of Psychologists
in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) in May of 2007 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献
906.
Humans are limited in their ability to maintain multiple attentional foci. In attentive tracking of moving objects, performance
declines as the number of tracked targets increases. Previous studies have interpreted such reduction in terms of a limit
in the number of attentional foci. However, increasing the number of targets usually reduces spatial separation among different
targets. In this study, we examine the role of target spatial separation in maintaining multiple attentional foci. Results
from a multiple-object tracking task show that tracking accuracy deteriorates as the spatial separation between targets decreases.
We propose that local interaction between nearby attentional foci modulates the resolution of attention, and that capacity
limitation from attentive tracking originates in part from limitations in maintaining critical spacing among multiple attentional
foci. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tracking performance is limited not primarily by a number of
locations, but by factors such as the spacing and speed of the targets and distractors. 相似文献
907.
The construct of narcissism has a lengthy history and has been operationalized and measured by a variety of instruments. In this study, five narcissism scales were compared in terms of alternative conceptualizations of narcissism offered by C. C. Morf and F. Rhodewalt (2001), D. L. Paulhus (2001), and S. Vazire and D. C. Funder (2006), using the domains and facets of the five-factor model as a common point of comparison. The findings provided little support for the conceptualizations of Morf and Rhodewalt or Vazire and Funder. Support was obtained for the conceptualization of Paulhus, particularly as assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and, secondarily, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. Implications for the assessment and conceptualization of narcissism are discussed. 相似文献
908.
Broman-Fulks JJ Green BA Olatunji BO Berman ME Arnau RC Deacon BJ Sawchuk CN 《Assessment》2008,15(2):188-203
Anxiety sensitivity has been implicated as a risk factor for the development and maintenance of panic and other anxiety disorders. Although researchers have generally assumed that anxiety sensitivity is a dimensional, rather than categorical, variable, recent taxometric research has raised questions concerning the accuracy of this assumption. The present study examined the latent structure of anxiety sensitivity by applying four taxometric procedures (MAXEIG, MAXCOV, MAMBAC, and L-Mode) to data collected from two large nonclinical samples (n = 1,025 and n = 744) using two distinct measures of anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Profile and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised). In contrast to previous taxometric analyses of anxiety sensitivity, results of the present research provided convergent evidence for a latent anxiety sensitivity dimension. Several potential explanations for the discrepancy between these findings and those of previous research are discussed, as well as the implications of these findings for the conceptualization and measurement of anxiety sensitivity. 相似文献
909.
910.
Cunningham GB 《The Journal of social psychology》2008,148(5):595-608
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of friendship potential on perceptions of dissimilarity among persons in diverse groups. The author gathered data at the beginning and end of a 15-week semester from college students enrolled in physical activity classes. Structural equation modeling indicated that friendship potential was negatively related to perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity at the end of the semester. This relation was moderated by perceptions of such dissimilarity at the beginning of the semester. The author found the perceived dissimilarity to be negatively associated with affective reactions to the class. The author discusses findings in terms of contributions and implications for diverse groups. 相似文献