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951.
Popular music is an artifact of folklore that can provide a keen insight into societal complexity. As a window with minimal
censorship, it allows access to a subgroup whose motifs are often obfuscated from within and without by defensive and self
righteous distortions. Music is a primary source depicting the strivings and failings of a culture or its tributaries. An
overview is offered of the American social historical context of substance abuse, as it informs the theory of ego atrophy
to conceptualize addiction. In this study, it is appealed to as an aid in the elaboration of addictive behavior. Adjunctively,
major themes in movie pictures are referenced as parallel, albeit less refined, indices of stereotype in the culture. Together
with societal laws and mores, these markers point to a specific behavioral and value system that typifies the ego of the substance
abuser. 相似文献
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Personality Correlates of Self-Esteem 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richard W. Robins Jessica L. Tracy Kali Trzesniewski Jeff Potter Samuel D. Gosling 《Journal of research in personality》2001,35(4):463
The current study examined the relation between self-esteem and the Big Five personality dimensions. Data were collected over the Internet from a large heterogeneous sample of individuals who ranged in age from 9 to 90 years (N = 326,641). Collectively, the Big Five accounted for 34% of the variance in self-esteem. High self-esteem individuals were emotionally stable, extraverted, and conscientious and were somewhat agreeable and open to experience. Despite an extensive search for potential mediators and moderators of this general pattern, the relations between self-esteem and the Big Five largely cut across age, sex, social class, ethnicity, and nationality (United States vs non-United States). High self-esteem individuals tended to ascribe socially desirable traits to themselves, and this tendency partially mediated relations between the Big Five and self-esteem. Discussion focuses on interpreting the social desirability effects, limitations of the study, and directions for future research. 相似文献
954.
Samuel A. Stouffer 《Psychometrika》1936,1(2):17-20
Givens fallible testst 1,t 2, ?t s , the problem is to express their intercorrelations in terms of the average correlations between a varying number of parallel forms contained within each test. A new correlation determinant Δ′ is derived containingd ii instead of unity as an element on the principal diagonal, where
$$d_{ii} = [1 + (m_i - 1)\bar r_{ii} ]/m_i ,$$ 相似文献
955.
Natural Disaster and Depression: A Prospective Investigation of Reactions to the 1993 Midwest Floods
A statewide sample of 1735 Iowa residents, approximately half of whom were victims of the 1993 Midwest Floods, participated in interviews 1 year prior to, and 30 to 90 days after, the disaster. Employing a rigorous methodology including both control-group comparisons and predisaster assessments, we performed a systematic evaluation of the disaster's impact. Overall, the disaster led to true but small rises in depressive symptoms and diagnoses 60–90 days postflood. The disaster–psychopathology effect was not moderated by predisaster depressive symptoms or diagnostically defined depression; rather, predisaster symptoms and diagnoses uniquely contributed to increases in postdisaster distress. However, increases in symptoms as a function of flood impact were slightly greater among respondents with the lowest incomes and among residents living in small rural communities, as opposed to on farms or in cities. Implications for individual- and community-level disaster response are discussed. 相似文献
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Buskist William Dietz Samuel M. Etzel Barbara Galizio Mark Brownstein Aaron Shull Richard L. Michael Jack 《The Psychological record》1987,37(1):3-3
The Psychological Record - These papers were presented at a symposium held at the 93rd annual convention of the American Psychological Association, August, 1985, Los Angeles, CA. The papers, in... 相似文献
959.
Arthur G. Samuel 《Cognitive psychology》1986,18(4):452-499
The selective adaptation paradigm was used extensively for about 5 years following its introduction to speech research in 1973. During the next few years, its use dropped dramatically; it is now little used. Several reasons for the abandonment of the paradigm are discussed, and theoretical and empirical justification is provided for rejecting these reasons. Experiment 1 demonstrates that “acoustic similarity” of an adapting sound and test items cannot account for the observed results. Experiments 2–4 demonstrate that adaptation effects are not equivalent to simple contrast effects. These experiments indicate that selective adaptation produces robust reaction time effects—items in the adapted category are identified more slowly than unadapted items. The effects found in a simple paired-contrast procedure differ from those found with selective adaptation. Most strikingly, contrast effects are extremely ear dependent—much larger effects occur if testing is conducted in the right ear than in the left; adaptation effects are relatively symmetrical with respect to ear. The empirical and theoretical analyses suggest that the selective adaptation paradigm can be a powerful tool for investigating the perception of complex acoustic stimuli like speech. 相似文献
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