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11.
Ellis, Beck, and others in the cognitive therapy tradition maintain that there is a strong correlation between irrational
beliefs and nonpsychotic mental health problems such as anxiety. Numerous studies have found that irrational beliefs are correlated
with high trait anxiety. In a multi-cultural sample (n = 250; 46.7% Caucasian, 23.6% Asian, 23.6% multi-cultural, and 6.1% of other ethno-cultural backgrounds), these findings
are replicated. Profile analysis (MANOVA) results reveals significant relationships between high trait anxiety and seven of
the ten irrational beliefs scales on Jones' Irrational Belief Test. Asians are found to be the most anxious, and the relationship
between ethno-culture and irrational beliefs was significant on three of the ten scales, with Asians having more irrational
beliefs than Caucasians or multi-cultural individuals. However, no interaction is found between anxiety and ethno-culture
in their relationship to irrational beliefs. Thus, these results reveal that there are ethno-cultural differences in anxiety
and irrational beliefs. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Debra Vandervoort Paul P. Divers Samara Madrid 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》1999,18(3):287-293
Ellis, Beck, and others in the cognitive therapy tradition maintain that there is a strong correlation between irrational
beliefs and nonpsychotic mental health problems such as anxiety. Numerous studies have found that irrational beliefs are correlated
with high trait anxiety. In a multi-cultural sample (n = 250; 46.7% Caucasian, 23.6% Asian, 23.6% multi-cultural, and 6.1% of other ethno-cultural backgrounds), these findings
are replicated. Profile analysis (MANOVA) results reveals significant relationships between high trait anxiety and seven of
the ten irrational beliefs scales on Jones' Irrational Belief Test. Asians are found to be the most anxious, and the relationship
between ethno-culture and irrational beliefs was significant on three of the ten scales, with Asians having more irrational
beliefs than Caucasians or multi-cultural individuals. However, no interaction is found between anxiety and ethno-culture
in their relationship to irrational beliefs. Thus, these results reveal that there are ethno-cultural differences in anxiety
and irrational beliefs. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Americans are sorting ideologically: Liberals and conservatives are more likely to respectively identify as Democrats and Republicans. They are sorting socially as well: Partisans like and trust copartisans more than opposing partisans. Existing explanations for these phenomena rely on exogenous factors, such as elite polarization. But exogenous explanations cannot fully explain variation in sorting. We argue that psychological characteristics can help explain the tendency to sort ideologically or socially. Specifically, we investigate an individual’s responsiveness to internal values versus normative social pressures as a determinant of sorting. We test this theory with several nationally representative surveys, as well as one survey experiment, and find strong support that an individual’s own tendency to respond to social cues, as opposed to ideological values, has important consequences for this process. Our work allows for a better understanding of the psychological factors that promote partisan sorting and for interpreting variation in the degree to which citizens sort into partisan groups. 相似文献
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Using the self-reports of 300 university students, we replicated and extended the results of a 1971 study of Hersen by demonstrating a significant relationship between both nightmare frequency and nightmare distress with two dimensions of anxiety. Our results are not consistent with the 1990 findings of Wood and Bootzin who concluded that both nightmare frequency and nightmare distress were not correlated with anxiety. 相似文献
16.
Animal Cognition - Logical inference, once strictly associated with spoken language, is now reported in some non-human animals. One aspect of logical inference, reasoning by exclusion, has been... 相似文献
17.
Dieter Wolke Sarah Woods Muthanna Samara 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2009,27(4):835-851
The stability of both direct and relational victimization and factors that contribute to remaining, escaping or becoming a victim of bullying were investigated. 663 children at baseline aged 6–9 (years 2–4) were interviewed about their bullying experiences and parents completed a behaviour and health measure. Children's perception of the degree of social hierarchical structuring and social prominence in their class was determined by peer nominations. 432 children participated in the follow‐up either 2 or 4 years after baseline aged 10–11 (year 6) and completed a bullying questionnaire. Relational victims and children from classes with a high hierarchical structure were more likely to have dropped out of the study compared to neutral children, and children from classes with a low hierarchical structure. Relative risk analyses indicated a twofold increased risk of remaining a direct victim at follow‐up, compared to a child not involved at baseline becoming a victim over the follow‐up period. In contrast, relational victimization increased but was not found to be stable. Logistic regression analyses revealed that being a girl, and receiving few positive peer nominations predicted remaining a direct victim. Becoming a relational victim at follow‐up was predicted by a strong class hierarchy. The implications for future study of early recognition of likely long term victims and early preventative bullying initiatives are discussed. 相似文献
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Khattab Nabil Madeeha Muznah Samara Muthanna Modood Tariq Barham Areej 《Social Psychology of Education》2022,25(1):33-53
Social Psychology of Education - The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of students’ aspirations and expectations in affecting school achievement among 7th and 8th grade... 相似文献
20.
Samara McPhedran PhD Diego De Leo MD PhD DSc 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2013,43(6):589-597
It has long been argued that suicide prevention efforts in rural locations face not only structural barriers, such as a lack of accessible health care and specialized mental health services, but also a range of cultural barriers. A commonly discussed cultural factor that may contribute to higher rural suicide rates is low levels of help‐seeking behavior, which in turn act as a barrier to accessing and receiving care. However, the assumption that suicide by rural men is more likely to be accompanied by low help‐seeking behavior, relative to urban men, has not been well tested. Using data from the Queensland Suicide Register, this study evaluates one form of help‐seeking behavior—communication of suicidal intent—among men who died by suicide. Contrary to the expectation that suicide in rural areas would be associated with lower levels of help‐seeking behavior than suicide in urban areas, it was found that communication of suicidal intent was broadly comparable across rural and urban settings. The implications for suicide prevention policies and service delivery strategies are discussed. 相似文献