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161.
Nicola S. Schutte John M. Malouff Ian Price Samantha Walter Greg Burke Catherine Wilkinson 《Current Psychology》2008,27(2):102-111
Two studies applied a person–situation model to examine the effect of emotional affordances of situations. Participants rated
their emotional functioning as more extensive in situations classified as being high in emotional affordance than those classified
as low in emotional affordance. Participants who scored higher on the individual difference characteristic of emotional intelligence
were more interested in entering high emotional affordance situations than were individuals lower in emotional intelligence,
and participants who scored higher on emotional intelligence were rated by others as being more successful in high emotional
affordance situations than individuals lower in emotional intelligence. These results provide preliminary evidence that the
interaction between emotional intelligence and situations may influence emotional functioning. 相似文献
162.
Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp Erica R. Hoff John-Gabriel Licht Jeri Ann Azure Samantha J. Hasenzahl 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(4):234-241
Research on the social influences associated with rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is scarce and limited to studies
of contagion within inpatient and residential treatment settings. Using an archival dataset that included 1,965 college students,
the current study examined whether exposure to acts of NSSI and/or suicidal behavior in others was associated with increased
rates of NSSI. Results supported hypotheses in that participants who knew someone who had engaged in NSSI only, or knew someone
who engaged in both NSSI and suicidal behavior were more likely to have engaged in NSSI compared to those not exposed. The
findings provide preliminary, albeit indirect, evidence of the potential for social modeling to influence rates of NSSI within
college students. Directions for future studies are offered. 相似文献
163.
Environmental and family factors related to racism in college students were investigated. Students (N=114) at a southern liberal‐arts college filled out an extensive survey about childhood activities and family of origin, and 40 of their mothers completed a similar survey. The Attitudes Toward Blacks ( Brigham, 1993 ) scale measured racism. Several hypotheses were supported. Students who exhibited less racism also reported that they made more diverse friends in school, came from a more diverse hometown, had diverse encounters and friendships at an earlier age, and had more positive foreign travel experiences. In addition, more racist students perceived their mothers as being more prejudiced while they were growing up, and they perceived their fathers as being more prejudiced currently. Finally, students judged their mothers as less racist than their fathers, and also reported that their mothers exhibited less racist behaviors than did their fathers. The importance of racially diverse experiences and friendships early in life are discussed as means to decrease racism. 相似文献
164.
Jessica L. Becraft Samantha L. Hardesty Kissel J. Goldman Lesley A. Shawler Matthew L. Edelstein Phillip Orchowitz 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2024,57(1):55-70
We conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior-analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral-learning journals from 2011–2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver-collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% (n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% (n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement; n = 4), and 3.9% (n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver-collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver-collected data. 相似文献
165.
Chastain Amanda N. Luoma Shannon M. Love Svea E. Miguel Caio F. 《The Psychological record》2022,72(3):383-405
The Psychological Record - The current study evaluated whether college students’ performance on visual–visual matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks were differentially affected by learning to... 相似文献
166.
Wilkins AJ Smith J Willison CK Beare T Boyd A Hardy G Mell L Peach C Harper S 《Perception》2007,36(12):1788-1803
In a series of eight studies it is shown that the first peak in the horizontal autocorrelation of the image of a word (which captures the similarity in shape between the neighbouring strokes of letters) determines (i) the appearance of the words as striped; (ii) the speed with which the words are read, both aloud and silently; and (iii) the speed with which a paragraph of text can be searched. By subtly distorting the horizontal dimension of text, and thereby reducing the first peak in the horizontal autocorrelation, it is shown that the speed of word recognition can be increased. The increase in speed is greater in poor readers. 相似文献
167.
168.
This preliminary study compared brief (1 s) and extended (4 s) wait-time on response opportunities, academic responses, accuracy,
and disruptive behavior of two children with challenging behavior during small group instruction. Brief wait-time increased
children’s response opportunities, academic responses, and accuracy in comparison to extended wait-time. Though variable,
brief wait-time also decreased children’s disruptive behavior. Findings differ from previous research, which found performance
improvements with extended wait-time for children with moderate to profound cognitive disabilities. Limitations of the study
and future research suggestions are discussed. 相似文献
169.
The belief that status in society is based on merit is a central feature of the American Dream. This belief system justifies status inequalities by locating the cause of status differences in the individual talents and efforts of group members. We hypothesized that activating meritocratic beliefs increases the extent to which individuals psychologically justify status inequalities, even when those inequalities are disadvantageous to the self. Specifically, we hypothesized that priming meritocracy prompts individuals to engage in system-justifying psychological responses when they experience threat either at the personal or group level. Across two studies, priming meritocracy led members of a low status group to justify both personal and group disadvantage by decreasing perceptions of discrimination (Studies 1 and 2) and increasing the extent to which they stereotyped themselves and their group in status-justifying ways (Study 2). 相似文献
170.
Wilkinson KM Hennig S 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2007,13(1):58-69
Augmentative and alternative communication is a compilation of methods and technology designed to supplement spoken communication for people with limited speech or language skills, including children with developmental and intellectual disabilities. The field of AAC has evolved rapidly within the last 10 years, due to a combination of empirical advances from research as well as rapid changes in technology. This article reviews some of the most significant aspects of this growth as it relates to children with developmental disabilities. Major issues within the field, the evidence base available to practitioners and researchers, and promising areas of future growth are identified. 相似文献