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991.
992.
为探讨困境儿童孤独、社交焦虑、抑郁和自尊的现状、特点、关系以及自尊在其中的中介作用,进而为困境儿童心理帮扶及救助提供依据。本研究使用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表、儿童孤独量表、儿童社交焦虑量表和自尊量表对重庆市17个区县1733名困境儿童进行调查。结果发现:(1)抑郁、社交焦虑和自尊存在性别差异,抑郁、孤独、社交焦虑和自尊存在年龄差异;(2)孤独和社交焦虑与抑郁呈显著正相关并显著预测抑郁,自尊与抑郁呈显著负相关并显著预测抑郁。(3)困境儿童的自尊在孤独和抑郁之间,社交焦虑和抑郁之间起中介作用。结果表明:困境儿童的孤独、社交焦虑既可直接影响其抑郁水平,也可通过自尊的中介作用间接影响其抑郁水平。 相似文献
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The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (C-BI-AAQ) and its short form (C-BI-AAQ-5) were examined with a sample of Chinese undergraduates (n = 1,068, 52.6% female). The factor structure, measurement reliability, measurement invariance across gender, and latent gender mean difference of the two scales were explored. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the C-BI-AAQ and the C-BI-AAQ-5. The original one-factor structure was replicated for both the C-BI-AAQ and the C-BI-AAQ-5. Both the C-BI-AAQ and C-BI-AAQ-5 showed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity (e.g., relationship patterns in the expected directions with theoretically similar psychological flexibility, and with theoretically dissimilar body dissatisfaction, and psychological distress). The C-BI-AAQ-5 was shown to be equivalent to the C-BI-AAQ. Furthermore, strict measurement invariance across gender was confirmed for both the C-BI-AAQ and C-BI-AAQ-5, and latent mean difference tests showed that men had higher levels of body image flexibility than women. Thus, both the C-BI-AAQ and C-BI-AAQ-5 appear to be psychometrically sound instruments for use in the Chinese young adult population. In addition, body image flexibility measured by both the C-BI-AAQ and the C-BI-AAQ-5 fully mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and psychological distress. 相似文献
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This study examined the validity and predictive utility of the three-step theory (3ST) of suicide in psychiatric patients. Participants were 190 consecutively admitted adult psychiatric inpatients (53% female, 60% White, ages 18–73) assessed at three time points: baseline, 4 weeks later (n = 112), and 3 months postdischarge (n = 102). Results were broadly supportive of the 3ST. First, at baseline, an interactive model of pain and hopelessness accounted for substantial variability in suicidal desire, even when controlling for depression and lifetime ideation. This result replicated in different genders and age ranges (i.e., 18–32 and 33–73). Further, pain and hopelessness were robust predictors of suicidal desire weeks and months into the future. Second, among those with pain and hopelessness, lower connectedness, as well as the extent to which pain exceeds connectedness, were robust predictors of higher suicidal desire. Last, a baseline measure of practical capability for suicide predicted suicide attempts both retrospectively and prospectively, even when controlling for lifetime ideation—however, dispositional and acquired contributors to capability were less predictive. Results support the validity and predictive utility of the 3ST, and suggest that the theory may have utility for guiding risk assessment and intervention. 相似文献
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Jiaxing Dai Heming Gao Lihua Zhang Hong Chen 《International journal of psychology》2021,56(1):118-128
In this study, we examined attention and memory biases for aggressive information in two groups of college students. Individuals with fragile high self-esteem (n = 30) and individuals with secure high self-esteem (n = 30) first performed a dot-probe task investigating attention bias, followed by a memory task. Incidental free recall of words presented in the memory task was then completed to assess memory bias. Results revealed that individuals with fragile high self-esteem exhibited significant attention and memory biases for aggressive words compared with secure high self-esteem individuals. Attention bias for aggressive words was positively correlated with memory bias in individuals with fragile high self-esteem, but no correlation was found for individuals with secure high self-esteem. These findings suggest that individuals with fragile high self-esteem selectively attend to and remember aggression-related information. They may process information in ways that are congruent with an aggression-related schema. This study reveals the aggressive cognitive processes of individuals with fragile high self-esteem, which may be related to aggression. 相似文献
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Liman Man Wai Li Qilin Chen Haojie Gao Wen-Qiao Li Kenichi Ito 《International journal of psychology》2021,56(1):129-137
Previous work suggests that the experiences of online and offline self-disclosure are heterogeneous among individuals. Yet little work has been done to identify the moderating role of individual characteristics and pre-existing relationship characteristics on the diverse relational outcomes. The present study using a 7-day diary design examined whether individuals' self-esteem level and relational closeness would moderate the relationships between online and offline self-disclosure to offline friends and two relational outcomes, that is, relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships. The analyses on 686 diary responses from 98 participants revealed that offline self-disclosure generally predicted greater relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships, whereas the role of online self-disclosure was not statistically significant. More importantly, self-esteem moderated the pattern associated with offline self-disclosure but not that with online self-disclosure. Specifically, offline self-disclosure predicted greater benefits to people with lower self-esteem relative to people with higher self-esteem. Moreover, pre-existing relational closeness moderated the relationship between offline self-disclosure and trust in friendships such that casual friendships benefited more from offline self-disclosure than close friendships did. The present study highlights the importance of personal characteristics and relationship characteristics in understanding the heterogeneous relational influence of different communication modes. 相似文献
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This research examines change in lifetime drug use frequency among three drugs, marijuana, alcohol, and inhalants, and antisocial behaviors using a cohort longitudinal model. Inhalants are the only drugs which use decline with grade level. Focus of the article is whether the use of these three drugs is a normal part of adolescent development. Using three determinants: associations between drug use and grade and scores on an antisocial behavior scale; and percent of abstainers; the authors determined none of the three drugs represent normal deviance. Data are from 2008 thru the 2014 the Caring Communities Youth Survey (CCYS). 相似文献
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Samantha Matherne 《European Journal of Philosophy》2018,26(2):780-797
In this paper, I argue that in spite of suggestions to the contrary, Merleau‐Ponty defends a positive account of the kind of abstract thought involved in mathematics and natural science. More specifically, drawing on both the Phenomenology of Perception and his later writings, I show that, for Merleau‐Ponty, abstract thought and perception stand in the two‐way relation of “foundation,” according to which abstract thought makes what we perceive explicit and determinate, and what we perceive is made to appear by abstract thought. I claim that, on Merleau‐Ponty's view, although this process can sometimes lead to falsification, it can also be carried out in such a manner that allows mathematics and natural science to articulate what we perceive in a way that is non‐distortive and in keeping with the demands of perception itself. 相似文献