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91.
Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp Erica R. Hoff John-Gabriel Licht Jeri Ann Azure Samantha J. Hasenzahl 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(4):234-241
Research on the social influences associated with rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is scarce and limited to studies
of contagion within inpatient and residential treatment settings. Using an archival dataset that included 1,965 college students,
the current study examined whether exposure to acts of NSSI and/or suicidal behavior in others was associated with increased
rates of NSSI. Results supported hypotheses in that participants who knew someone who had engaged in NSSI only, or knew someone
who engaged in both NSSI and suicidal behavior were more likely to have engaged in NSSI compared to those not exposed. The
findings provide preliminary, albeit indirect, evidence of the potential for social modeling to influence rates of NSSI within
college students. Directions for future studies are offered. 相似文献
92.
It has been claimed that the detection of a feature singleton can be based on activity in a feature map that allows coarse
coding that something unique is present in the visual field. In the present study, participants detected the presence or absence
of a color singleton. Even though the letter form of the color singleton was task-irrelevant, we showed that repeating the
letter form of the singleton resulted in repetition priming on the next trial. Such repetition priming was not found when
a nonsingleton letter was repeated as the singleton. Since the letter form of the color singleton could only be picked up
by focal attention, the repetition priming effect indicates that focal attention is allocated to the feature singleton even
in the simplest present-absent feature detection tasks. We showed that this effect is equally strong in conditions of low
and high perceptual load. These results are inconsistent with theories that it is possible to detect a feature singleton without
directing some form of attention to its location. 相似文献
93.
Jessica L. Becraft Samantha L. Hardesty Kissel J. Goldman Lesley A. Shawler Matthew L. Edelstein Phillip Orchowitz 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2024,57(1):55-70
We conducted a scoping review to characterize the role of caregiver involvement in behavior-analytic research. We reviewed eight behavioral-learning journals from 2011–2022 for works that included children or caregivers as participants and characterized caregiver involvement as passive (implications for caregivers, input, social validity) and active (implementation, caregiver behavior, training, caregiver-collected data). The review identified 228 studies, and almost all (96.1%; n = 219) involved caregivers in some capacity; 94.3% (n = 215) had passive involvement (26.8% had only passive involvement; n = 61), 69.3% (n = 158) had active involvement (1.8% had only active involvement; n = 4), and 3.9% (n = 9) had neither passive nor active involvement. Involvement generally increased over publication years. The most common types of involvement were implications for caregivers, implementation, and input; caregiver-collected data were rare. We propose considerations when engaging caregivers in research and suggest new avenues of inquiry related to caregivers' treatment objectives and social validity, treatment implementers, and caregiver-collected data. 相似文献
94.
Wilkins AJ Smith J Willison CK Beare T Boyd A Hardy G Mell L Peach C Harper S 《Perception》2007,36(12):1788-1803
In a series of eight studies it is shown that the first peak in the horizontal autocorrelation of the image of a word (which captures the similarity in shape between the neighbouring strokes of letters) determines (i) the appearance of the words as striped; (ii) the speed with which the words are read, both aloud and silently; and (iii) the speed with which a paragraph of text can be searched. By subtly distorting the horizontal dimension of text, and thereby reducing the first peak in the horizontal autocorrelation, it is shown that the speed of word recognition can be increased. The increase in speed is greater in poor readers. 相似文献
95.
Van der Burg E Olivers CN Bronkhorst AW Koelewijn T Theeuwes J 《Perception & psychophysics》2007,69(7):1230-1241
The second of two targets is often missed when presented shortly after the first target--a phenomenon referred to as the attentional blink (AB). Whereas the AB is a robust phenomenon within sensory modalities, the evidence for cross-modal ABs is rather mixed. Here, we test the possibility that the absence of an auditory-visual AB for visual letter recognition when streams of tones are used is due to the efficient use of echoic memory, allowing for the postponement of auditory processing. However, forcing participants to immediately process the auditory target, either by presenting interfering sounds during retrieval or by making the first target directly relevant for a speeded response to the second target, did not result in a return of a cross-modal AB. Thefindings argue against echoic memory as an explanation for efficient cross-modal processing. Instead, we hypothesized that a cross-modal AB may be observed when the different modalities use common representations, such as semantic representations. In support of this, a deficit for visual letter recognition returned when the auditory task required a distinction between spoken digits and letters. 相似文献
96.
Kathleen L Hourihan Samantha Goldberg Tracy L Taylor 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2007,61(2):91-101
This study examined whether spatial location mediates intentional forgetting of peripherally presented words. Using an item-method directed forgetting paradigm, words were presented in peripheral locations at study. A recognition test presented all words at either the same or a different location relative to study. Results showed that while recognition of Remember words was unaffected by test location, when Forget words were presented in the same location at test as at study, recognition accuracy was significantly greater than when presented in a different location. Experiment 2 showed that the speed to localize a previously studied word was faster when it was presented in the same rather than a different study-test location but that the magnitude of this spatial priming was unaffected by memory instruction. We suggest that the location of peripherally presented words is represented in memory and can aid the retrieval of poorly encoded words. 相似文献
97.
98.
Imagining the Future of Photoacoustic Mammography 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
van der Burg S 《Science and engineering ethics》2009,15(1):97-110
How can a realistic ethical imagination about the future of a technology take shape? This article contains a reflection which is based on the experiences of an embedded ethicist in the context of biophysical research conducive to the development of photoacoustic mammography, which is intended for the non-invasive detection of breast cancer. Imagination in this context already informs the activities of the biophysical researchers, but its role is limited: biophysical future scenarios concentrate on the technological advances that photoacoustics could bring about. In this article it is argued that it is advisable to also consider the medical practice and the ways in which this practice is likely to change as an effect of the introduction of photoacoustic mammography into it. On the basis of this more encompassing imaginative endeavor it is possible to get a clearer idea about how new technologies are able to contribute to human well being, which is informative for the setting of research-goals/priorities and a responsible implementation of new technologies into the world. 相似文献
99.
Jessica S. Horst Ann E. Ellis Larissa K. Samuelson Erika Trejo Samantha L. Worzalla Jessica R. Peltan Lisa M. Oakes 《Developmental science》2009,12(1):96-105
Two experiments demonstrate that 14‐ to 18‐month‐old toddlers can adaptively change how they categorize a set of objects within a single session, and that this ability is related to vocabulary size. In both experiments, toddlers were presented with a sequential touching task with objects that could be categorized either according to some perceptually salient dimension corresponding to a taxonomic distinction (e.g. animals vs. vehicles) or to some less obvious dimension (e.g. rigid vs. deformable). In each experiment, children with larger productive vocabularies responded to both dimensions, showing evidence of sensitivity to each way of categorizing the items. Children with smaller productive vocabularies attended only to the taxonomically related categorical grouping. These experiments confirm that toddlers can adaptively shift the basis of their categorization and highlight the dynamic interaction between the child and the current task in early categorization. 相似文献
100.