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191.
Sam Gould 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1979,14(2):209-223
Job complexity was measured for jobs in a Public Agency. Perceptions of job complexity were obtained from self-reports of 133 employees. Independent measures were obtained from interviews with the subjects. Career stages, based upon age groupings, were found to moderate the relationship between (1) job-satisfaction and perceived job complexity and (2) job-performance and independently rated job complexity. These results are discussed in light of the current literature. 相似文献
192.
Hoffman HG Richards TL Bills AR Van Oostrom T Magula J Seibel EJ Sharar SR 《CNS spectrums》2006,11(1):45-51
Excessive pain during medical procedures, such as burn wound dressing changes, is a widespread medical problem and is especially challenging for children. This article describes the rationale behind virtual reality (VR) pain distraction, a new non-pharmacologic adjunctive analgesia, and gives a brief summary of empirical studies exploring whether VR reduces clinical procedural pain. Results indicate that patients using VR during painful medical procedures report large reductions in subjective pain. A neuroimaging study measuring the neural correlates of VR analgesia is described in detail. This functional magnetic resonance imaging pain study in healthy volunteers shows that the large drops in subjective pain ratings during VR are accompanied by large drops in pain-related brain activity. Together the clinical and laboratory studies provide converging evidence that VR distraction is a promising new non-pharmacologic pain control technique. 相似文献
193.
194.
Dervic K Gould MS Lenz G Kleinman M Akkaya-Kalayci T Velting D Sonneck G Friedrich MH 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(5):539-552
The prevalence of suicide risk factors and attitudes about suicide and help-seeking among New York and Viennese adolescents were compared in order to explore possible cross-cultural differences. Viennese adolescents exhibited higher rates of depressive symptomatology than their New York counterparts and had more first-hand experience with suicidal peers. More attribution of suicide to mental illness was reported in Vienna; yet Viennese youth were less likely than New York adolescents to recognize the seriousness of suicide threats. Help-seeking patterns of Viennese adolescents were influenced by their setting a high value on confidentiality. These cross-cultural differences may reflect the limited exposure of Austrian youth to school-based suicide prevention programs. The findings highlight the need of taking the sociocultural context into consideration in the planning of youth suicide prevention strategies. 相似文献
195.
196.
Gould JB 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(3):263-273
This essay suggests ways in which spiritual resources--healing stories, psalms of lament and reassurance, rituals, and meditative practices--can be used to foster emotional and spiritual healing for people, such as the adult children of missionaries, who have experienced disrupted relationships with parents during childhood. 相似文献
197.
Using the spatial cuing paradigm, Prinzmetal, McCool, and Park (2005) made the distinction between voluntary and involuntary attention. They claimed that although accuracy was affected by an informative spatial cue (which controls voluntary attention), it was not affected by a noninformative cue (which controls involuntary attention). We reevaluate two reports that assert that noninformative spatial cues affect accuracy. Dufour (1999) reported that a noninformative auditory cue enhanced visual identification in a conjunction search task. Klein and Dick (2002) reported that, in an RSVP task with visual cues, the cue also enhanced accuracy at short stimulus onset asynchronies. We found that Dufour's results were due to overt orienting (eye movements) rather than to covert attention. The results of Klein and Dick were due either to location uncertainty or to a confounding of the order of stimulus presentation and condition. 相似文献
198.
C. Oriet and P. Jolicoeur (2003) reported 2 experiments in which the perceptual contrast of stimuli was manipulated in a task-switching paradigm. They failed to observe an interaction in the reaction time data between task switching, perceptual contrast, and response-stimulus interval. Using the locus of slack logic, they concluded from these results that early perceptual processing of stimuli awaits the completion of a task-set reconfiguration stage, rather than proceeding in parallel with it. Here, an assumption necessary for this argument is questioned, and it is shown that an existing computational model of task switching, without successive stages for task-set reconfiguration and perceptual processing, produces a similar pattern of data. Thus, C. Oriet and P. Jolicoeur's data are compatible with models in which early perceptual processing and task-set reconfiguration take place in parallel. 相似文献
199.
Greenwood RM Schaefer-McDaniel NJ Winkel G Tsemberis SJ 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(3-4):223-238
Despite the increase in consumer-driven interventions for homeless and mentally ill individuals, there is little evidence
that these programs enhance psychological outcomes. This study followed 197 homeless and mentally ill adults who were randomized
into one of two conditions: a consumer-driven “Housing First” program or “treatment as usual” requiring psychiatric treatment
and sobriety before housing. Proportion of time homeless, perceived choice, mastery, and psychiatric symptoms were measured
at six time points. Results indicate a direct relationship between Housing First and decreased homelessness and increased
perceived choice; the effect of choice on psychiatric symptoms was partially mediated by mastery. The strong and inverse relationship
between perceived choice and psychiatric symptoms supports expansion of programs that increase consumer choice, thereby enhancing
mastery and decreasing psychiatric symptoms. 相似文献
200.