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141.
C. Oriet and P. Jolicoeur (2003) reported 2 experiments in which the perceptual contrast of stimuli was manipulated in a task-switching paradigm. They failed to observe an interaction in the reaction time data between task switching, perceptual contrast, and response-stimulus interval. Using the locus of slack logic, they concluded from these results that early perceptual processing of stimuli awaits the completion of a task-set reconfiguration stage, rather than proceeding in parallel with it. Here, an assumption necessary for this argument is questioned, and it is shown that an existing computational model of task switching, without successive stages for task-set reconfiguration and perceptual processing, produces a similar pattern of data. Thus, C. Oriet and P. Jolicoeur's data are compatible with models in which early perceptual processing and task-set reconfiguration take place in parallel. 相似文献
142.
Greenwood RM Schaefer-McDaniel NJ Winkel G Tsemberis SJ 《American journal of community psychology》2005,36(3-4):223-238
Despite the increase in consumer-driven interventions for homeless and mentally ill individuals, there is little evidence
that these programs enhance psychological outcomes. This study followed 197 homeless and mentally ill adults who were randomized
into one of two conditions: a consumer-driven “Housing First” program or “treatment as usual” requiring psychiatric treatment
and sobriety before housing. Proportion of time homeless, perceived choice, mastery, and psychiatric symptoms were measured
at six time points. Results indicate a direct relationship between Housing First and decreased homelessness and increased
perceived choice; the effect of choice on psychiatric symptoms was partially mediated by mastery. The strong and inverse relationship
between perceived choice and psychiatric symptoms supports expansion of programs that increase consumer choice, thereby enhancing
mastery and decreasing psychiatric symptoms. 相似文献
143.
144.
Savin and Perchonock suggest that when a sentence and additional unrelated words are presented for immediate recall, the number of words recalled in addition to that sentence represents the space left over in a limited memory store after the sentence and its transformational tag have been stored. They report error data and word-recall data in support of a transformational model of sentence processing. In two replications of that study, error data failed to support the transformational model. Furthermore, the word-recall data could be attributed to differential word-recall delays-the more complex the sentence, the longer the delay between word presentation and word recall. These findings, as well as others in the literature. fail to support a transformational interpretation of sentence processing. 相似文献
145.
146.
Sam Houston 《The Journal of religious ethics》2023,51(1):143-169
While offering valuable comparative insights into models of the self and ethical formation across religious traditions, studies of virtue ethics have been critiqued for putting forward accounts which are elite-focused. Some comparative ethicists have pointed to work in religious ethics and political theology on faith-based community organizing as offering compelling case studies of non-elite ethical formation. I seek to add to this literature by performing an analysis of the theories and practices of ethical formation in the South African Muslim anti-apartheid grassroots organization known as the “Call of Islam.” The “Call of Islam” emphasized a liberation-oriented praxis and active solidarity with non-Muslim organizations for the purposes of protesting apartheid and employed a range of social practices including study circles (halaqat) and political funeral processions to prepare and equip its members for such work. As such, it not only sheds light on non-elite ethical formation, but in its cultivation of the habits and dispositions of democratic solidarity, it also serves as an Islamic example of broad-based community organizing. 相似文献
147.
This study examined the relationship between children's self-ratings of depressive symptoms on the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and teachers' ratings of the situational social competence of these children based on the Taxonomy of Problematic Social Situations (TOPS). Children in the high CDI group showed significantly higher teacher ratings (indicating lower social competence) than children in the low CDI group on four TOPS scales: peer group entry, response to provocation, response to success, and teacher expectations. Of the children in the high CDI group, 85% could be correctly classified with a discriminant analysis on the basis of TOPS ratings; of the children in the low CDI group, 77% were correctly classified. Implications of these findings, as well as limitations of the study, are discussed. 相似文献
148.
The Many Faces of Science: An Introduction to Scientists, Values and Society, Leslie Stevenson & Henry Byerly, 1995. Oxford, Westview Press
Reason, Truth and Self: The Postmodern Reconditioned, Michael Luntley, 1995. London, Routledge xv + 247 pp., hb ISBN 0 415 118522
John Dewey: An Intellectual Portrait, Sidney Hook, 1995. New York, Prometheus xviii + 242 pp., hb ISBN 0 87975 9852
The Logical Status of Diagrams, Sun‐Joo Shin, 1994. Cambridge, CUP xii + 197 pp. 相似文献
149.
150.
James A. Boydstun Peggy T. Ackerman Douglas A. Stevens Sam D. Clements John E. Peters Roscoe A. Dykman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1968,3(2):81-104
Twenty-six children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunctions (MBD) were compared with 26 controls in a conditinoing and generalization procedure. Skin resistance, heart rate, and muscle action potentials were monitored throughout. Success involved learning which of two tones signalled the accessibility of a penny. Whereas 92 per cent of controls reached the criterion of five successive correct responses, only 62 per cent of MBD’s did. Further, a third of the MBD’s were so maladaptive as to force procedural variations, while only a few minor irregularities occurred with the controls. Quality of performance was related to age, intelligence, and ability to discriminate and remember tones. Controls were more physiologically reactive than MBD’s, especially in skin resistance. Physiologic differentiation of the two tones was significant in both groups of children and appeared concurrently with motor differentiation. The only evidence of physiologic generalization was in the SR data of controls. The possibility that defective arousal structures, or defective coupling of arousal structures and other perceptual and motor structures, could account for the decreased physiologic reactivity, short attention spans, and poor concentration ofsome MBD’s is discussed. This research, in conformity with other laboratory studies of the brain, indicates that motivational as well as cognitive defects may be organically based. 相似文献