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11.
The work presents a psychodynamic, semiotic and dialogical model of affect and of the role it plays in sensemaking. The model is based on the following three general assumptions.A) Affective semiosis works in accordance to the dynamic unconscious which Freud conceptualized in terms of primary process. According to this interpretation, the unconscious is the mind’s homogenising way of functioning, which transforms every categorical relation into a relation of identity. B) Affect is the generalized, homogenising and absolutizing embodied basic intersubjective meanings according to which experience is interpreted. C) Affective semiosis performs both the grounding and regulative functions in sensemaking, orienting the way people interpret experience. 相似文献
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Taverniers J Smeets T Lo Bue S Syroit J Van Ruysseveldt J Pattyn N von Grumbkow J 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):332-343
The present field experiment examined how multi-trial visuo-spatial learning and memory performance are impacted by excessive
arousal, instigated by a potentially life-threatening event (i.e., a first parachute jump). Throughout a parachute training
activity, subjective and neuroendocrine (i.e., cortisol) stress levels were assessed of 61 male military cadets who were randomly
assigned to a control (n = 30) or a jump stress condition (n = 31). Post-stress learning and memory capacity was assessed with a 10-trial path-learning task that permitted emergence
of learning curves. Pre-activity cortisol concentrations indicated a significant neuroendocrine anticipatory stress response
in the stress group. Following parachuting, subjective stress levels and salivary cortisol reactivity differed significantly
between groups. Visuo-spatial path-learning performance was impaired significantly after jump stress exposure, relative to
the control group. Moreover, examination of the learning curves showed similar learning and memory performance at onset of
the trials, with curves bifurcating as the task became more complex. These findings are in accordance with leading theories
that acknowledge a moderating effect of task complexity. In sum, the present study extends knowledge concerning anticipatory
stress effects, endogenously instigated cortisol reactivity, and the influence of extreme arousal on visuo-spatial path learning. 相似文献
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Terence J.G. Tracey Robert W. Lent Salvatore Soresi 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2006,69(2):248-261
We explored the “idiothetic” cognitive structure of RIASEC occupational percepts in a sample of Italian middle and high school students over a one year period, examining the possible bidirectional linkages between cognitive-vocational structure, involvement in career exploration activities, and exposure to authoritative parenting style. The focus was on the extent to which individuals’ thinking deviates from the normative RIASEC circumplex structure. Results indicated that there was less stability in the occupational percepts of middle school students over time, but both student groups showed change in the direction of greater adherence to circular structure. In addition, deviation from the circular model was related to subsequent career exploration, and initial levels of career exploration and parental authoritativeness were predictive of later circular structure, especially in middle school students. The results support the importance of examining individual variation in cognitive-vocational structure in relation to career development models and interventions. 相似文献
16.
Kerrie G. Wilkins Sara Santilli Lea Ferrari Laura Nota Terence J.G. Tracey Salvatore Soresi 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014,85(3):329-338
Using a sample of 242 Italian high school students, we examined the direct relation of hope and optimism on four dimensions of career adaptability (i.e. curiosity, confidence, control, and concern) as well as the mediating effect of these four adaptability dimensions on the relations of hope and optimism on the subcomponents of satisfaction. The results of the study demonstrated that both hope and optimism significantly predicted various dimensions of career adaptability. Additionally, the degree to which hope related to students' subcomponents of satisfaction was mediated by two of the four dimensions of career adaptability (i.e. curiosity and confidence). The dimensions of adaptability did not mediate the relations of optimism on satisfaction. These findings have implications for both research and practice. 相似文献
17.
Cognitive costs of exposure to racial prejudice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined how encountering racial prejudice affects cognitive functioning. We assessed performance on the Stroop task after subjects reviewed job files that suggested an evaluator had made nonprejudiced, ambiguously prejudiced, or blatantly prejudiced hiring recommendations. The cognitive impact of exposure to ambiguous versus blatant cues to prejudice depended on subjects' racial group. Black subjects experienced the greatest impairment when they saw ambiguous evidence of prejudice, whereas White subjects experienced the greatest impairment when they saw blatant evidence of prejudice. Given the often ambiguous nature of contemporary expressions of prejudice, these results have important implications for the performance of ethnic minorities across many domains. 相似文献
18.
Integrating face and voice in person perception 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Integration of information from face and voice plays a central role in our social interactions. It has been mostly studied in the context of audiovisual speech perception: integration of affective or identity information has received comparatively little scientific attention. Here, we review behavioural and neuroimaging studies of face-voice integration in the context of person perception. Clear evidence for interference between facial and vocal information has been observed during affect recognition or identity processing. Integration effects on cerebral activity are apparent both at the level of heteromodal cortical regions of convergence, particularly bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and at 'unimodal' levels of sensory processing. Whether the latter reflects feedback mechanisms or direct crosstalk between auditory and visual cortices is as yet unclear. 相似文献
19.
Giampaolo Salvatore Paolo Ottavi Raffaele Popolo Giancarlo Dimaggio 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2016,46(4):235-243
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are perceptive-like experiences happening without appropriate stimuli, occurring in two thirds of schizophrenia patients, where they often cause emotional suffering and dangerous behaviors, and interfere with social relationships. Patients with schizophrenia involving AVHs can also be drug-resistant or they may discontinue medications. The most well-known psychotherapeutic intervention for voice-hearing is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which focuses on reducing distress by modifying hearers’ beliefs about their voices. We hypothesize that it is possible to reinforce the clinical approach to AVHs by taking into consideration (a) that patients generally hear voices in particular interpersonal contexts where they experience negative emotions; (b) the relationship between AVHs and metacognition, namely the ability to make sense of mental states. On this basis, AVHs can be seen not just as a cause of emotional distress as CBT postulates, but the outcome of difficulties in meta-cognitively making sense of interpersonal exchanges. In this paper, we describe the treatment of a young man at the onset of schizophrenia with pervasive negative AVHs. The patient was treated with metacognitive interpersonal therapy (MIT), aimed to promote the patient’s metacognition. With this aim, in the first part of the treatment, each time AVHs emerged, the patient’s level of arousal was high and his metacognitive ability very low, the therapist treated AVHs helping the patient to understand and cope with the emotional suffering connected with AVHs. At a more advanced stage of therapy, the therapist helped the patient reach the point of understanding the social triggers which, together with the patient’s self-schemas, ignited his auditory hallucinations; this created the conditions for a significant reduction of the pervasiveness of AVHs. 相似文献
20.
Maddi SR 《The American psychologist》2006,61(4):330-1; discussion 331-2