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Lisa Emery Thomas M. Hess Tonya Elliot 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(6):677-698
ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that affective and motivational processes can influence age differences in memory. In the current study, we examine the impact of both natural and induced mood state on age differences in false recall. Older and younger adults performed a version of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM; Roediger & McDermott, 1995, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803) false memory paradigm in either their natural mood state or after a positive or negative mood induction. Results indicated that, after accounting for age differences in basic cognitive function, age-related differences in positive mood during the testing session were related to increased false recall in older adults. Inducing older adults into a positive mood also exacerbated age differences in false memory. In contrast, veridical recall did not appear to be systematically influenced by mood. Together, these results suggest that positive mood states can impact older adults' information processing and potentially increase underlying cognitive age differences. 相似文献
207.
Saltzman WR Lester P Beardslee WR Layne CM Woodward K Nash WP 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2011,14(3):213-230
Recent studies have confirmed that repeated wartime deployment of a parent exacts a toll on military children and families
and that the quality and functionality of familial relations is linked to force preservation and readiness. As a result, family-centered
care has increasingly become a priority across the military health system. FOCUS (Families OverComing Under Stress), a family-centered,
resilience-enhancing program developed by a team at UCLA and Harvard Schools of Medicine, is a primary initiative in this
movement. In a large-scale implementation project initiated by the Bureau of Navy Medicine, FOCUS has been delivered to thousands
of Navy, Marine, Navy Special Warfare, Army, and Air Force families since 2008. This article describes the theoretical and
empirical foundation and rationale for FOCUS, which is rooted in a broad conception of family resilience. We review the literature
on family resilience, noting that an important next step in building a clinically useful theory of family resilience is to
move beyond developing broad “shopping lists” of risk indicators by proposing specific mechanisms of risk and resilience.
Based on the literature, we propose five primary risk mechanisms for military families and common negative “chain reaction”
pathways through which they undermine the resilience of families contending with wartime deployments and parental injury.
In addition, we propose specific mechanisms that mobilize and enhance resilience in military families and that comprise central
features of the FOCUS Program. We describe these resilience-enhancing mechanisms in detail, followed by a discussion of the
ways in which evaluation data from the program’s first 2 years of operation supports the proposed model and the specified
mechanisms of action. 相似文献
208.
Individual differences in the development of sensation seeking and impulsivity during adolescence: further evidence for a dual systems model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Consistent with social neuroscience perspectives on adolescent development, previous cross-sectional research has found diverging mean age-related trends for sensation seeking and impulsivity during adolescence. The present study uses longitudinal data on 7,640 youth from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth Children and Young Adults, a nationally representative sample assessed biennially from 1994 to 2006. Latent growth curve models were used to investigate mean age-related changes in self-reports of impulsivity and sensation seeking from ages 12 to 24 years, as well individual differences in these changes. Three novel findings are reported. First, impulsivity and sensation seeking showed diverging patterns of longitudinal change at the population level. Second, there was substantial person-to-person variation in the magnitudes of developmental change in both impulsivity and sensation seeking, with some teenagers showing rapid changes as they matured and others maintaining relatively constant levels with age. Finally, the correlation between age-related changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking was modest and not significant. Together, these results constitute the first support for the dual systems model of adolescent development to derive from longitudinal behavioral data. 相似文献
209.
Bedi S Nelson EC Lynskey MT McCutcheon VV Heath AC Madden PA Martin NG 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(4):406-415
Earlier studies have found an elevated risk for psychopathology and suicidal behavior associated with childhood sexual abuse (CSA); however, the degree to which risk is mediated by depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women and men remains unclear. We examined these issues in data from a family study of childhood maltreatment (N = 2,559). We found significant CSA-associated risk for depression, PTSD, and suicidal behavior for women and men. In survival analyses controlling for these disorders, we observed persistent but somewhat reduced CSA-associated risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Our findings suggest that these disorders partially mediate CSA-associated risk. 相似文献
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