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141.
Norris D Butterfield S McQueen JM Cutler A 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2006,59(9):1505-1515
Participants made visual lexical decisions to upper-case words and nonwords, and then categorized an ambiguous N-H letter continuum. The lexical decision phase included different exposure conditions: Some participants saw an ambiguous letter "?", midway between N and H, in N-biased lexical contexts (e.g., REIG?), plus words with unambiguous H (e.g., WEIGH); others saw the reverse (e.g., WEIG?, REIGN). The first group categorized more of the test continuum as N than did the second group. Control groups, who saw "?" in nonword contexts (e.g., SMIG?), plus either of the unambiguous word sets (e.g., WEIGH or REIGN), showed no such subsequent effects. Perceptual learning about ambiguous letters therefore appears to be based on lexical knowledge, just as in an analogous speech experiment (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003) which showed similar lexical influence in learning about ambiguous phonemes. We argue that lexically guided learning is an efficient general strategy available for exploitation by different specific perceptual tasks. 相似文献
142.
Totterdell P Wall T Holman D Diamond H Epitropaki O 《The Journal of applied psychology》2004,89(5):854-867
The relationship between organizational networks and employees' affect was examined in 2 organizations. In Study 1, social network analysis of work ties and job-related affect for 259 employees showed that affect converged within work interaction groups. Similarity of affect between employees depended on the presence of work ties and structural equivalence. Affect was also related to the size and density of employees' work networks. Study 2 used a 10-week diary study of 31 employees to examine a merger of 2 organizational divisions and found that negative changes in employees' affect were related to having fewer cross-divisional ties and to experiencing greater reductions in network density. The findings suggest that affect permeates through and is shaped by organizational networks. 相似文献
143.
Laura?CretiEmail author Eva?Libman Sally?Bailes Catherine?S.?Fichten 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(2):153-164
Effectiveness of two modified stimulus control insomnia interventions plus daily sleep self-monitoring for managing insomnia was investigated in a community sample of older adults. Significant post intervention improvement was observed in both interventions as well as in a self-monitoring only control condition. This unexpected finding led us to question the role of self-monitoring as a potential mediator of therapeutic change. Therefore, we compared long-term follow-up data from treated participants to data from similarly poor sleepers who only completed the questionnaire battery at Pre-test and long term follow-up, with no intervening treatment or self-monitoring. Both groups of poor sleepers reduced their reported amount of nocturnal wakefulness. However, only treated participants improved on their perceived frequency of insomnia episodes and insomnia-related distress. Our findings have implications both for the definition and the treatment of insomnia. 相似文献
144.
Levels of processing effects on implicit and explicit memory tasks: using question position to investigate the lexical-processing hypothesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One interpretation of levels of processing effects (LOP) on priming in implicit tests of memory is in terms of deficits in lexical processing during shallow study tasks. In two experiments the extent of lexical processing engaged in during standard shallow encoding tasks was manipulated by placing the encoding question either before or after the target stimulus. Clear evidence was found in explicit memory tasks that placing the question after the target stimulus increased the depth of processing of words presented in shallow encoding tasks. In contrast, there was no evidence of such an effect on the priming observed in implicit memory tasks. The results suggest that the role of lexical processing in LOP effects on priming requires further specification. 相似文献
145.
As part of the Women's Health Initiative Study, the 5-item Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) was developed. This article summarizes the development of the scale through the use of responses from 66,269 postmenopausal women (mean age = 62.07 years, SD = 7.41 years). All women completed a 10-item questionnaire concerning sleep. A novel resampling technique was introduced as part of the data analysis. Principal-axes factor analysis without iteration and rotation to a varimax solution was conducted for 120,000 random samples of 1,000 women each. Use of this strategy led to the development of a scale with a highly stable factor structure. Structural equation modeling revealed no major differences in factor structure across age and race-ethnic groups. WHIIRS norms for race-ethnicity and age subgroups are detailed. 相似文献
146.
This study tested the relative predictive power of affect and cognition on global attitude and behavioral intention within the tripartite model of attitude structure. Participants (N = 264) completed questionnaires that included an item regarding blood donation experience, five semantic differential items, four behavioral intention items, and one global attitude item. Participants were randomly assigned to either an affective or cognitive instruction set for the semantic differential items. As predicted, semantic differentials were more highly correlated with both global attitude and behavioral intention when completed under the affective instructions than under the cognitive instructions. In addition, donors' and non-donors' attitudes on the semantic differential scales were distinguished from one another only when they were elicited under the affective instruction set. Results provide support for the tripartite model of attitude structure. Future research should examine the relative importance of affect and cognition in less emotion-laden domains. 相似文献
147.
Vairam Arunachalam James A. Wall Chris Chan 《Journal of applied social psychology》1998,28(14):1219-1244
This study investigates the effects of culture, BATNA (best alternative to a negotiated agreement), outcome scales, and mediation on negotiation outcomes. Six hundred three subjects from 2 countries (288 from Hong Kong and 315 from the United States) participated in 2-party negotiations that were either mediated or observed by a third party. In these negotiations, the Hong Kong negotiators obtained higher joint outcomes than did their U.S. counterparts. Also, in both Hong Kong and the United States, negotiators with a high BATNA obtained larger individual outcomes than did those with a low BATNA. Finally, mediation resulted in higher joint outcomes than did no mediation and had a stronger effect in US. (vs. Hong Kong) negotiations. 相似文献
148.
THE EFFECTS OF DEFENDANT AND COMPLAINANT INTOXICATION ON MOCK JURORS' JUDGMENTS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study investigates the impact of participant gender, rape-myth beliefs, and alcohol intoxication on the part of either the defendant and/or alleged victim on mock jurors' decisions within the context of a sexual-assault trial. Participants ( N = 152) were exposed to a sexual-assault case in which the beverage consumption (alcohol, cola) on the part of both the defendant and complainant prior to the sexual intercourse was varied systematically. Results indicated that when the defendant had consumed alcohol, as opposed to cola, participants were more likely to view the case as one of assault, to perceive the defendant as less credible, and to find the defendant guilty. When the complainant had consumed alcohol, as opposed to cola, participants found the complainant's claim less credible and were less likely to view the defendant as guilty. In addition, participants' rape-myth acceptance, which was related to guilt, mediated the relation between gender of participant and guilt. 相似文献
149.
150.
Sally Brown 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1994,7(4):94-107
This paper is set in a context where increased emphasis is being placed on the “consumer’s” role in research. It discusses
the limitations of “knowledge base” approaches, which aim to deliver the findings of educational research to practitioners
and policymakers. The tensions between what these consumers expect of research and what it can, in fact, offer are explored,
and the conditions under which effective communication can be established are outlined and exemplified. It is argued, however,
that the processes of such communication, if they are to establish the necessary engagement of consumers with researchers,
will have to take account of the ways in which consumers are motivated and able to acquire new knowledge. In conclusion, it
is argued that if the engagement is unsuccessful and the consumers are unconvinced of the value and validity of research findings
for policy and practice, then researchers’ ideas will take a back seat in the debate about what is to count as high-quality
work that should be funded. The function of research as the critical extension of knowledge may then be replaced by enquiry
that comes up with the results the customer wants.
Her current research interests are in the relationships among policy, practice and research, teachers’ thinking, provision
for children with special educational needs and gender in education. Her best known recent book, with Donald McIntyre, isMaking Sense of Teaching (Open University Press). 相似文献