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71.
Sally J. Scholz 《Journal of Global Ethics》2017,13(1):70-89
Iris Marion Young took a strong stance against humanitarian intervention and other so-called legitimate instances of what she calls ‘official violence’. Nevertheless, she was also aware that there may be some situations for which military humanitarian intervention should at least be considered. Young was concerned that some states will use their obligation to defend against human rights violations as a mechanism in securing or maintaining global dominance. In addition, she recognized that what counts as a violation of human rights is not uncontroversial; human rights norms and conventions are interpreted, negotiated, and otherwise contested. In this article, I build on Young’s arguments for a social connection model of responsibility by applying it to a situation where a forceful response to violence might be justified. I juxtapose Young’s position with the emerging international standard called ‘the responsibility to protect’ in order to suggest an account of intervention for global governance relations. 相似文献
72.
73.
Vivanti G McCormick C Young GS Abucayan F Hatt N Nadig A Ozonoff S Rogers SJ 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(3):841-856
Typically developing children understand and predict others' behavior by extracting and processing relevant information such as the logic of their actions within the situational constraints and the intentions conveyed by their gaze direction and emotional expressions. Children with autism have difficulties understanding and predicting others' actions. With the use of eye tracking and behavioral measures, we investigated action understanding mechanisms used by 18 children with autism and a well-matched group of 18 typically developing children. Results showed that children with autism (a) consider situational constraints in order to understand the logic of an agent's action and (b) show typical usage of the agent's emotional expressions to infer his or her intentions. We found (c) subtle atypicalities in the way children with autism respond to an agent's direct gaze and (d) marked impairments in their ability to attend to and interpret referential cues such as a head turn for understanding an agent's intentions. 相似文献
74.
Sophie von Stumm Sally Macintyre David G. Batty Heather Clark Ian J. Deary 《Intelligence》2010,38(1):202-211
In a birth cohort of 6281 men from Aberdeen, Scotland, social class of origin, childhood intelligence, childhood behavior disturbance and education were examined as predictors of status attainment in midlife (46 to 51 years). Social class of origin, intelligence and behavior disturbance were conceptualized as correlated predictors, whose effects were hypothesized to be partially mediated by educational qualifications. A structural equation model using Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation confirmed that education had the strongest direct effect on status attainment at midlife. Furthermore, education partially mediated the effects of social class of origin and childhood intelligence, and fully mediated the effects of behavior disturbance on status attainment. Social class of origin, childhood intelligence and behavior disturbance were strongly inter-correlated. After controlling for these associations, educational and social status attainments were influenced to a considerably greater extent by childhood intelligence than by social class of origin. 相似文献
75.
“The Cancer Bond”: Exploring the Formation of Cancer Risk Perception in Families with Lynch Syndrome
Aunchalee E. L. Palmquist Laura M. Koehly Susan K. Peterson Margarette Shegog Sally W. Vernon Ellen R. Gritz 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):473-486
This study explores the social context of hereditary cancer risk perception in three families, an African-American family,
a Mexican-American family, and a Caucasian family, each with Lynch Syndrome documented by a mismatch repair gene mutation.
Communication network assessments measured family communication about cancer experiences and genetic testing information among
a total of 26 participants. Participant narratives were evaluated to gain insight into how family cancer experiences and genetic
testing information have shaped perceptions of cancer risk. Analysis of communication networks indicated that some families
discussed cancer experiences to a greater extent than genetic testing information, and vice-versa. Interviews elucidated that
sharing both types of health information led participants to conceptualize linkages among a strong family history of cancer,
genetic testing information, and cancer prevention strategies. Understanding how different types of family communication influence
the formation of perceived hereditary disease risk may enhance efforts to tailor genetic counseling services for families. 相似文献
76.
77.
Although sport access for females has greatly improved, certain behaviors continue to be considered more or less appropriate
for females depending upon how compatible they are with biologically or socially constructed female characteristics. However,
young women who have grown up playing sports and continue participation at the college level have constructed meanings about
being a young woman and an athlete. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed to investigate how seven gymnasts
and seven softball players competing in NCAA Division I athletics view and contend with a “female/athlete paradox.” These
women recognized preferred femininity and at times constructed images based on this notion. However, they also embraced their
athleticism and felt at ease choosing not to perform femininity in some contexts. 相似文献
78.
The purpose of this study was to expand the current literature on word definitions by focusing on definitions of idioms provided
by several age groups. Preadolescents, young adolescents, older adolescents, and adults wrote definitions for 10 frequently
used idioms and also rated their familiarity with the idiomatic expressions. Participants’ definitions were scored based on
the degree to which their definitions reflected use of critical elements (determined by a standard dictionary of idioms),
use of examples or related/associated concepts, and errors. Significant age differences were found in both idiom familiarity
and idiom definition tasks: both idiom familiarity and definitional skill improved with age. In addition, we found a positive
correlation between idiom familiarity and idiom definition. Results are discussed with respect to age-related changes in definitional
response types and understanding of figurative language. 相似文献
79.
The authors evaluated an application of social cognitive theory principles intended to increase adherence to a problem-solving intervention. The study included 132 adult volunteers who wanted to reduce their distress levels. All participants received group training in problem-solving methods. Before attempting to solve at least 1 distressing problem in their lives over the next 3 weeks, participants were randomly assigned to either (a) a modeling with vicarious reinforcement condition in which they received 3 personal anecdotes written by individuals who had successfully applied problem-solving methods to a real problem or (b) a control condition in which they received a fact sheet about problem solving. Word counts of problem-solving writing, self-reports of adherence, and observer ratings of adherence showed that participants in the vicarious reinforcement condition demonstrated significantly higher adherence than did those in the control condition. These results provide support for the effectiveness of symbolic modeling and vicarious reinforcement in increasing adherence to problem-solving methods by individuals who want to decrease their distress. 相似文献
80.
Lamond N Jay SM Dorrian J Ferguson SA Roach GD Dawson D 《Behavior research methods》2008,40(1):347-352
In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of a 5-min personal digital assistant-psychomotor vigilance test (PDA-PVT) to severe sleep loss. Twenty-one participants completed a 10-min PVT-192 and a 5-min PDA-PVT at two hourly intervals during 62 h of sustained wakefulness. For both tasks, response speed and number of lapses (RTs > 500) per minute significantly increased with increasing hours of wakefulness. Overall, standardized response speed scores on the 5-min PDA-PVT closely tracked those of the PVT-192; however, the PDA-PVT was generally associated with more lapses/minute. Closer inspection of the data indicated that when the level of sleep loss and fatigue became more severe (i.e., Day 3), the 5-min PDA-PVT was not quite as sensitive as the 10-min PVT-192 when 2- to 10-sec foreperiods were used for both. It is likely, however, that the observed differences between the two devices was due to differences in task length. Thus, the findings provide further evidence of the validity of the 5-min PDA-PVT as a substitute for the 10-min PVT-192, particularly in circumstances in which a shorter test is required and/or the PVT-192 is not as practical. 相似文献