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381.
382.
Sally Sedgwick 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(1):81-90
'Hobbes and the Imitation of God' ( Inquiry , 44, 223-6) is Eric Brandon's criticism of my article, 'Thomas Hobbes and the Constraints that Enable the Imitation of God' ( Inquiry , 42, 149-76). Brandon's criticisms are rooted in a misunderstanding of what is argued. Observations made concerning Hobbes's claims about prudence - a form of thinking Hobbes distinguishes from philosophic practice - are erroneously described by Brandon as a part of arguments concerning Hobbes's claims about philosophy. Brandon's own account reaffirms a conventional interpretation by claiming that Hobbes envisioned philosophers discovering order, an interpretation challenged in the original argument. Hobbes privileged the creation of order over attempts to discover the order of the world, and this is reflected in his affinity for geometry over physics. 相似文献
383.
Elyse Brauch Lehman Sally A. Srokowski Laura C. Hall Mary E. Renkey Carmen A. Cruz 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(4):380-398
Fifth-grade children and college students were asked to remember some words and to forget others in an item-cued-directed-forgetting task. Taxonomically related pairs of words and control pairs that were unrelated in meaning were used as stimuli. Children found it more difficult than did adults to ignore forget-cued words that followed asso-ciatively related words that were remember-cued. The results provide support for D. F. Bjorklund and K. K. Harnishfeger's (1990) inefficient inhibition hypothesis (i.e., that the efficiency of inhibitory mechanisms improves as children develop). The results also suggest that the inhibition is occurring primarily in the early stages of processing. 相似文献
384.
385.
Sally Weintrobe 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2014,95(2):369-374
386.
Sandra M. Whisner Laurie D. Stelter Sally Schultz 《Occupational Therapy in Mental Health》2014,30(1):26-42
In this article the authors present a comparison of three modes of group-based intervention within an acute psychiatric facility. The group-based interventions were: (1) verbal discussion, (2) verbal discussion with a psychoeducation component, and (3) verbal discussion and psychoeducation within a therapeutically designed occupational environment. Outcome measures were group member participation, perceived social support, and perceived helpfulness of intervention. Researchers conducted retrospective analysis of group records to determine if differences existed among the three modes of interventions. Analysis revealed a significant difference in participation among the interventions. Perceived social support and helpfulness of intervention were high, but not statistically significant among the interventions. 相似文献
387.
Houston-Price C Goddard K Séclier C Grant SC Reid CJ Boyden LE Williams R 《Developmental science》2011,14(4):623-634
Happé and Loth (2002) describe word learning as a 'privileged domain' in the development of a theory of mind. We test this claim in a series of experiments based on the Sally-Anne paradigm. Three- and 4-year-old children's ability to represent others' false beliefs was investigated in tasks that required the child either to predict the actions of a protagonist in a story or to learn the meaning of a new word used by the protagonist. Experiment 1 replicated previous findings of better performance in a false belief word-learning task compared to a false belief action-prediction task. However, systematic manipulation of the task parameters in Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that this performance discrepancy disappeared when tasks were equated in their 'referential pull' (Perner, Rendl & Garnham, 2007). We conclude that the notion of a precocious theory of mind for word learning is not required to explain dissociations in performance on false belief tasks. 相似文献
388.
A fundamental prerequisite for prey to avoid being captured is the ability to distinguish dangerous stimuli such as predators
and risky habitats from non-dangerous stimuli such as non-predators and safe locations. Most research to date has focused
on mechanisms allowing prey to learn to recognize risky stimuli. The paradox of learned predator recognition is that its remarkable
efficiency leaves room for potentially costly mistakes if prey inadvertently learn to recognize non-predatory species as dangerous.
Here, we pre-exposed embryonic woodfrogs, Rana sylvatica, to the odour of a tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, without risk reinforcement, and later try to teach the tadpoles to recognize the salamander, a red-bellied newt Cynops pyrrhogaster—a closely related amphibian, or a goldfish, Carassius
auratus, as a predator. Tadpoles were then tested for their responses to salamander, newt or fish odour. Pre-exposure to salamander
did not affect the ability of tadpoles to learn to recognize goldfish as a predator. However, the embryonic pre-exposure to
salamanders inhibited the subsequent learning of salamanders as a potential predator, through a mechanism known as latent
inhibition. The embryonic pre-exposure also prevented the learned recognition of novel newts, indicating complete generalization
of non-predator recognition. This pattern does not match that of generalization of predator recognition, whereby species learning
to recognize a novel predator do respond, but not as strongly, to novel species closely related to the known predator. The
current paper discusses the costs of making recognition mistakes within the context of generalization of predators and dangerous
habitats versus generalization of non-predators and safe habitats and highlights the asymmetry in which amphibians incorporate
information related to safe versus risky cues in their decision-making. Mechanisms such as latent inhibition allow a variety
of prey species to collect information about non-threatening stimuli, as early as during their embryonic development, and
to use this information later in life to infer the danger level associated with the stimuli. 相似文献
389.
O'Shea R Murphy AM Treacy E Lynch SA Thirlaway K Lambert D 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(2):192-203
Many children with chronic genetic diseases are followed by specialty clinics that provide genetic information as part of
the care. Health services restrictions in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) can make the wait for an appointment with a genetic
counsellor long. We examined whether genetic information was being adequately understood when presented by medical, but non-genetics
staff to long term patients, using our national metabolic service as an example. The aim was to inform health professionals
about the need or role of a genetic counsellor in a specialist setting. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge among
parents and patients affected by galactosaemia and Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). Twenty seven families with galactosemia
and 10 with MSUD were interviewed in clinic. Comparative analysis showed significant differences in knowledge between parents
of children with galactosemia and adult patients (p = 0.001) and between ethnicities (p > 0.05). While parents are well informed, the majority expressed a wish for more information about the condition and its
transmission. Adult patients with galactosemia and parents from certain ethnic backgrounds could especially benefit from genetic
counselling. This study highlights the need for a genetic counsellor in specialist clinics. 相似文献
390.
Sally A. Theran 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(4):423-428
The current study examined authenticity in relationships, defined as the ability to be open and honest in meaningful relationships, in multiple contexts (i.e., with parents, peers). The goal of the study was to examine and compare the relation between authenticity in relationships and depressive symptoms in a sample of 435 14-year-old adolescent girls and boys. Structural equation modeling results indicated that the model predicted approximately one-third of the variance in depressive symptoms for girls, and almost half of the variance in depressive symptoms for boys. In addition, the strength of the relation between authenticity with parents and depressive symptoms was statistically equivalent for boys and girls. These results indicate the importance of authenticity with parents in predicting depressive symptoms, for both boys and girls. 相似文献