Causal grounds for negative truths

Among truthmaker theorists it is generally thought that we are not able to use the entailment principle (i.e. the principle according to which truthmaking distributes across entailment) to ground negative truths. But these theorists usually only discuss truthmakers for truth-functional complexes, thereby overlooking the fact that there are non-truth-functional complexes whose truth values are not solely determined by the truth or falsity of their atomic propositions. And once we expand the class of truths that require their own bespoke truthmakers to also include these, there is no reason to exempt negative truths from grounding. For given that truthmaking is closed under entailment and every negative truths is entailed by some non-truth-functional complex or other, any resources rich enough to ground the truth of the latter will do the same job for the former.     

Strategy and Misdirection in Forced Choice Memory Performance Testing in Deception Detection

We examined forced choice memory performance testing in deception detection from a theoretical perspective. Evidence suggests that participants form different strategies to defeat this test. We attempted to describe these strategies within the framework of Cognitive Hierarchy Theory, a theory that distinguishes strategies based on their degree of anticipation of opponents' strategies. Additionally, we explored whether the strategy selection process is malleable. Truth tellers and liars were subjected to a forced choice memory test about a mock crime. Additionally, half of the sample was subjected to a misdirection changing the appearance of the test to that of a polygraph examination. We found detection accuracies and strategies similar to previous experiments and our misdirection manipulation elicited new strategies and behaviour. Theoretical and practical applications are discussed.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Substance Use Assessment Instruments: 13 Years Later

The authors surveyed Master Addiction Counselors and members of the International Association of Addictions and Offender Counselors (N = 131) about their use of substance use disorder and process addiction screening and assessment instruments. The results are compared with those of Juhnke, Vacc, Curtis, Coll, and Paredes ( 2003 ).     

Size Does Matter: The Effects of Magnitude Representation Congruency on Price Perceptions and Purchase Likelihood

The numerical cognition literature suggests that numerical stimuli (and hence prices) are represented and encoded in memory as magnitude representations (i.e., judgments of relative “size”). The magnitude representation associated with the numerical value of a price may be the same as (congruent) or different from (incongruent) the magnitude representation associated with some other related dimension. We conducted 3 experiments to examine the effects of congruent versus incongruent magnitude representations on price perceptions and purchase intentions. We find that congruent magnitude representations result in more favorable price knowledge (i.e., greater value perceptions and lower price judgments) and increased purchase likelihood. Our findings suggest that consumers are not consciously aware of the role of magnitude representations in influencing price perceptions.     

A Relational Frame and Artificial Neural Network Approach to Computer-Interactive Mathematics

The Psychological Record - Fifteen participants unfamiliar with mathematical operations relative to reflections and vertical and horizontal shifts were exposed to an introductory lecture regarding...     

Relationships beliefs and relationship quality across cultures: Country as a moderator of dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality in three former Communist societies

Research on the correlation between relationship beliefs and quality has rarely considered the impact of culture. In this study, 206 manual workers, students, and entrepreneurs from Georgia, Hungary, and Russia completed a modified Relationship Beliefs Inventory (Eidelson & Epstein, 1982, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 715) and the Abbreviated Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sharpley & Rogers, 1984, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 1045). Results indicated a significant pan‐cultural correlation between dysfunctional beliefs and relationship quality but a moderating effect for country, with dysfunctional beliefs in Hungary explaining more than four times of the variance in relationship quality than in the other countries. Findings are interpreted in light of major value and ecological differences between the three countries.