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111.
Prof. Dr. Volker Tschuschke Sabrina Blawath Elke Horn Wolfgang Tress 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(6):589-598
This paper investigates the predictive value of the psychological mindedness assessment procedure (PMAP) with respect to differential group therapy outcome using outpatient group therapies with patients suffering from somatoform disorders. Within the contextual framework of the mentalization theory the possible predictive power of the PMAP prior to indications for therapy is reflected. As the results of 50 patients from 6 therapy groups show high PMAP ratings prior to treatment onset predict group suitability of patients. This in turn is predictive for an emotional attunement of such patients during treatment, which is in itself a qualification for an emotional involvement with the group interactive process and therefore highly predictive. In contrast patients with a lower PMAP rating should be referred to groups where another treatment concept or technical attitude on the part of the group leader is realized. The shorter the therapy groups last the more homogeneous group composition should be regarding psychological functioning of patients prior to treatment onset (level of mentalization). 相似文献
112.
Sabrina P. Ramet 《宗教、国家与社会》2013,41(1):67-68
Nicholas Charnetsky, CSsR, Bishop‐Confessor by Stephen Joseph Bachtalowsky, CSsR (translated by George J. Pereira, CSsR). Yorkton, Saskatchewan: Redeemers Voice Press, n.d., 272 pp. Tchèques et slovaques: témoins de la foi by Didier Rance. Mareil‐Marty, Paris: Aide à l'église en détresse, Bibliothèque AED, 1993, 352 pp. Paperback. Roumanie: Courage et fidélité: l'église gréco‐catholique unie by Didier Ranee. Mareil‐Marky, Paris: Aide à l'église en détresse, Bibliothèque AED, 1994, 332 pp. Paperback. Bosnia and Herzegovina: a Tradition Betrayed by Robert J. Donia and John V.A. Fine, Jr. London: C. Hurst, 1994, 318 pp. £9.50. 相似文献
113.
Justin Thomas Fatima H. Al Marzooqi Sabrina Tahboub-Schulte Steven W. Furber 《Mental health, religion & culture》2013,16(6):594-600
Rapid economic growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has impacted traditional ways of life rooted in Bedouin traditions and Islamic values. Research undertaken within the UAE suggests that a thin body-image ideal is widespread, as are abnormal eating attitudes and extreme dietary behaviours. However, this regional research has been exclusively cross-sectional, precluding conclusions about the temporal dynamics or nascence of these phenomena. This study explores changes in physical appearance preferences in the UAE over the past two decades. Interviews were undertaken with five khatabaat (marriage brokers), who were asked to report the attributes typically requested by those seeking wives, both now, and in the past. Thematic analysis of these data highlighted differences between the attributes currently deemed desirable, and those deemed desirable in the recent past. These findings are discussed in the context of the nation's rapid socio-economic change, and their implications for body-image and eating-related problems. 相似文献
114.
Shelly Masi Nawal Asselain Laurent Robelin Aude Bourgeois Christelle Hano Gerard Dousseau Michel Saint Jalme Sabrina Krief 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(4):916-929
In primates, the perception of bitter taste may be an essential mechanism for avoiding the ingestion of bitter, and often toxic, substances. Bitterness sensitivity varies across the different primate species and, for bitter thioure substances (e.g., phenylthiocarbamide—PTC), within species. Primates respond to bitterness by displaying aversive affective reactions, and whether these serve for conspecifics as information on the taste of food is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the response to two bitter substances (quinine and PTC) in 11 primate species (N = 29 individuals) hosted at the Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes, in relation to their main diet tendency and weaning age. We tested primate reactions to bitterness with a two-bottle method. The study individuals showed a strong aversion to bitter taste, minimizing consumption of both bitter solutions. All of the individuals were PTC-taster phenotypes, but the degrees of sensitivity to PTC varied among the individuals. Across-species comparisons revealed that whereas the degree of frugivory of the species had a negative effect on the consumption of bitter solutions by the individuals, a later weaning age seems to be a better predictor for the occurrence of aversive affective reactions. Although the low sample size does not allow for excluding interindividual variability, our results support the hypothesis that affective reactions to bitterness may be trustworthy information for conspecifics during the learning process. Thus, the evolution of the appropriate perceiver systems to convert affective displays into true affective signals could be a shared trait among human and nonhuman primates. 相似文献
115.
Linda Confalonieri Sandra Sassaroli Sara Alighieri Sabrina Cattaneo Marita Pozzato Marta Sacco Giovanni Maria Ruggiero 《Psychological studies》2013,58(3):265-275
A number of correlational studies have established a clear association between perfectionism, control and beliefs regarding body shape in eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of the above- mentioned associations in exploring the presence of intuitive heuristics. Intuitive heuristics can be conceived as as mental shortcuts, cognitive processes that are highly susceptible to irrational biases. Forty one non clinical female controls and 27 in-patient females with an ED diagnosis participated in an experimental task that tested whether participants would show an intuitive rather than a logically based link between perfectionism in different domains (study, work, hygiene) and a thin body shape. In the healthy female participants the occurrence of proposed link was noted in the hygiene domain only, while ED participants showed this intuitive association in all the domains explored: study, work, and hygiene. The study confirms in clinical ED sample a wider employment of heuristics associating perfectionism and thinness that is based on purely intuitive irrational reasoning. 相似文献
116.
Life Tasks and Daily Life Experience 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nancy Cantor Julie Norem Christopher Langston Sabrina Zirkel William Fleeson Carol Cook-Flannagan 《Journal of personality》1991,59(3):425-451
ABSTRACT This article explores the assumption that the goals on which an individual works structure the experience of daily life. One set of important goals are those consensual tasks that reflect the age-graded expectations of a living environment (e.g., the task of being on one's own at college). Whereas most members of a common age group share these consensual life tasks, individuals in a group differ in the relative importance they place on different tasks and in their appraisals of them. In the present study of 54 women living in a college sorority, the importance of a life task was associated with increased relevance of the task to daily life events, as revealed in experience sampling. The women were more emotionally involved in events that they saw as highly relevant to their life tasks than in less relevant events and, for each person, positive affect and emotional involvement in task-relevant events were related to her initial life task appraisals. 相似文献
117.
Rosemarie T. Truglio Kimberlee C. Murphy Sabrina Oppenheimer Aletha C. Huston John C. Wright 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1996,17(4):79
Three hundred and twenty six 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 160 3-year-olds) participated in a longitudinal study of the sociological and ecological predictors of children's general audience and child entertainment viewing. Viewing was assessed through five weekly diaries for each child, completed by families over a two-year period. Concurrent analyses of program availability, family demographics/attributes, and child characteristics indicated that children who were frequent viewers of entertainment programs had parents who had limited education, access to cable, and incorporated television into their activities. Although parental regulation and encouragement played a role in children's viewing experiences, particularly at 5 and 7 years of age, the strongest long-term predictors on children's entertainment viewing were parents' education, family size, and the age and sex of the child. Parents need to become more aware of their role in shaping their children's viewing habits. Responsibility for improving children's television viewing experiences, however, should not rely solely with parents but must be shared by educators, broadcasters, and legislators. 相似文献
118.
Sabrina A. Suckiel Michael D. Linderman Saskia C. Sanderson George A. Diaz Melissa Wasserstein Andrew Kasarskis Eric E. Schadt Randi E. Zinberg 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(5):1044-1053
Personal genome sequencing is increasingly utilized by healthy individuals for predispositional screening and other applications. However, little is known about the impact of ‘genomic counseling’ on informed decision-making in this context. Our primary aim was to compare measures of participants’ informed decision-making before and after genomic counseling in the HealthSeq project, a longitudinal cohort study of individuals receiving personal results from whole genome sequencing (WGS). Our secondary aims were to assess the impact of the counseling on WGS knowledge and concerns, and to explore participants’ satisfaction with the counseling. Questionnaires were administered to participants (n = 35) before and after their pre-test genomic counseling appointment. Informed decision-making was measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and the Satisfaction with Decision Scale (SDS). DCS scores decreased after genomic counseling (mean: 11.34 before vs. 5.94 after; z = ?4.34, p < 0.001, r = 0.52), and SDS scores increased (mean: 27.91 vs. 29.06 respectively; z = 2.91, p = 0.004, r = 0.35). Satisfaction with counseling was high (mean (SD) = 26.91 (2.68), on a scale where 6 = low and 30 = high satisfaction). HealthSeq participants felt that their decision regarding receiving personal results from WGS was more informed after genomic counseling. Further research comparing the impact of different genomic counseling models is needed. 相似文献
119.
Sabrina Trapp Jöran Lepsien Sonja A. Kotz Moshe Bar 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(1):135-144
Bayesian models are currently a dominant framework for describing human information processing. However, it is not clear yet how major tenets of this framework can be translated to brain processes. In this study, we addressed the neural underpinning of prior probability and its effect on anticipatory activity in category-specific areas. Before fMRI scanning, participants were trained in two behavioral sessions to learn the prior probability and correct order of visual events within a sequence. The events of each sequence included two different presentations of a geometric shape and one picture of either a house or a face, which appeared with either a high or a low likelihood. Each sequence was preceded by a cue that gave participants probabilistic information about which items to expect next. This allowed examining cue-related anticipatory modulation of activity as a function of prior probability in category-specific areas (fusiform face area and parahippocampal place area). Our findings show that activity in the fusiform face area was higher when faces had a higher prior probability. The finding of a difference between levels of expectations is consistent with graded, probabilistically modulated activity, but the data do not rule out the alternative explanation of a categorical neural response. Importantly, these differences were only visible during anticipation, and vanished at the time of stimulus presentation, calling for a functional distinction when considering the effects of prior probability. Finally, there were no anticipatory effects for houses in the parahippocampal place area, suggesting sensitivity to stimulus material when looking at effects of prediction. 相似文献
120.
Semmel Eric S. Fox Michelle E. Na Sabrina D. Kautiainen Rella Latzman Robert D. King Tricia Z. 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(4):465-483
Neuropsychology Review - Rett syndrome is the second most common cause of intellectual disability in females worldwide. The severity of many individuals’ impairment limits the effectiveness... 相似文献