排序方式: 共有162条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Braun CM Achim A Gauvin G Desjardins S Roberge C Suffren S 《The American journal of psychology》2011,124(2):163-176
We report 2 experiments designed to demonstrate that unilateral tachistoscopic stimulation would yield a response time (RT) advantage over bilateral stimulation in a simple experiment, whereas the opposite pattern would occur in a complex version of the same task, as predicted by the intrahemispheric resource limitation model of Banich and colleagues. Experiment 1 was a go/no-go task in which participants had to press a key when two shapes (circles or squares) were identical on the computer screen. A unilateral field advantage was obtained that was accentuated in several task conditions that yielded overall longer RTs, mostly in the bilateral condition. Experiment 2 was similar but required a more complex judgment: The go trials were to 2 stimuli identical on 1 dimension (shape or color) but not both or neither. The RTs were significantly and substantially longer than in Experiment 1 and exhibited a nonsignificant bilateral field advantage, which differed significantly from the unilateral field advantage obtained in Experiment 1. These results support the intrahemispheric resource limitation model of Banich and colleagues. However, several within-experiment effects are in direct opposition to this model and are best explained as limitations of commissural relay of perceptual information. 相似文献
112.
Semantic interference effects in the picture—word interference (PWI) paradigm have long been assumed to reflect competitive
mechanisms during lexical selection, a core component of the speech production system. However, recent observations of facilitative
effects have cast doubt on the usefulness of the paradigm for investigating lexicalization, and on the existence of lexical
competition in general. An alternative proposal suggests that lexical selection is not by competition, and that interference
effects reflect articulatory processes outside the lexical system. Here, we contrast these theoretical alternatives with semantic
distractor effects in the PWI paradigm. In two tasks, pictures were either overtly named or the names were manually classified.
Interference effects of comparable magnitude were observed in both response modalities, regardless of whether the names were
articulated or not. This finding supports lexical competition models and suggests that the articulators are not the source
of interference in the PWI paradigm. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
113.
114.
Semmel Eric S. Fox Michelle E. Na Sabrina D. Kautiainen Rella Latzman Robert D. King Tricia Z. 《Neuropsychology review》2019,29(4):465-483
Neuropsychology Review - Rett syndrome is the second most common cause of intellectual disability in females worldwide. The severity of many individuals’ impairment limits the effectiveness... 相似文献
115.
Longitudinal Effects of Latino Parent Cultural Stress,Depressive Symptoms,and Family Functioning on Youth Emotional Well‐Being and Health Risk Behaviors 下载免费PDF全文
Elma I. Lorenzo‐Blanco Alan Meca Jennifer B. Unger Andrea Romero José Szapocznik Brandy Piña‐Watson Miguel Ángel Cano Byron L. Zamboanga Lourdes Baezconde‐Garbanati Sabrina E. Des Rosiers Daniel W. Soto Juan A. Villamar Karina M. Lizzi Monica Pattarroyo Seth J. Schwartz 《Family process》2017,56(4):981-996
U.S. Latino parents can face cultural stressors in the form of acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and a negative context of reception. It stands to reason that these cultural stressors may negatively impact Latino youth's emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors by increasing parents' depressive symptoms and compromising the overall functioning of the family. To test this possibility, we analyzed data from a six‐wave longitudinal study with 302 recently immigrated (<5 years in the United States) Latino parents (74% mothers, Mage = 41.09 years) and their adolescent children (47% female, Mage = 14.51 years). Results of a cross‐lagged analysis indicated that parent cultural stress predicted greater parent depressive symptoms (and not vice versa). Both parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms, in turn, predicted lower parent‐reported family functioning, which mediated the links from parent cultural stress and depressive symptoms to youth alcohol and cigarette use. Parent cultural stress also predicted lower youth‐reported family functioning, which mediated the link from parent cultural stress to youth self‐esteem. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that parent cultural stress predicted youth alcohol use by a way of parent depressive symptoms and parent‐reported family functioning. Our findings point to parent depressive symptoms and family functioning as key mediators in the links from parent cultural stress to youth emotional well‐being and health risk behaviors. We discuss implications for research and preventive interventions. 相似文献
116.
Sabrina Trapp Jöran Lepsien Sonja A. Kotz Moshe Bar 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(1):135-144
Bayesian models are currently a dominant framework for describing human information processing. However, it is not clear yet how major tenets of this framework can be translated to brain processes. In this study, we addressed the neural underpinning of prior probability and its effect on anticipatory activity in category-specific areas. Before fMRI scanning, participants were trained in two behavioral sessions to learn the prior probability and correct order of visual events within a sequence. The events of each sequence included two different presentations of a geometric shape and one picture of either a house or a face, which appeared with either a high or a low likelihood. Each sequence was preceded by a cue that gave participants probabilistic information about which items to expect next. This allowed examining cue-related anticipatory modulation of activity as a function of prior probability in category-specific areas (fusiform face area and parahippocampal place area). Our findings show that activity in the fusiform face area was higher when faces had a higher prior probability. The finding of a difference between levels of expectations is consistent with graded, probabilistically modulated activity, but the data do not rule out the alternative explanation of a categorical neural response. Importantly, these differences were only visible during anticipation, and vanished at the time of stimulus presentation, calling for a functional distinction when considering the effects of prior probability. Finally, there were no anticipatory effects for houses in the parahippocampal place area, suggesting sensitivity to stimulus material when looking at effects of prediction. 相似文献
117.
Sabrina A. Suckiel Michael D. Linderman Saskia C. Sanderson George A. Diaz Melissa Wasserstein Andrew Kasarskis Eric E. Schadt Randi E. Zinberg 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(5):1044-1053
Personal genome sequencing is increasingly utilized by healthy individuals for predispositional screening and other applications. However, little is known about the impact of ‘genomic counseling’ on informed decision-making in this context. Our primary aim was to compare measures of participants’ informed decision-making before and after genomic counseling in the HealthSeq project, a longitudinal cohort study of individuals receiving personal results from whole genome sequencing (WGS). Our secondary aims were to assess the impact of the counseling on WGS knowledge and concerns, and to explore participants’ satisfaction with the counseling. Questionnaires were administered to participants (n = 35) before and after their pre-test genomic counseling appointment. Informed decision-making was measured using the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and the Satisfaction with Decision Scale (SDS). DCS scores decreased after genomic counseling (mean: 11.34 before vs. 5.94 after; z = ?4.34, p < 0.001, r = 0.52), and SDS scores increased (mean: 27.91 vs. 29.06 respectively; z = 2.91, p = 0.004, r = 0.35). Satisfaction with counseling was high (mean (SD) = 26.91 (2.68), on a scale where 6 = low and 30 = high satisfaction). HealthSeq participants felt that their decision regarding receiving personal results from WGS was more informed after genomic counseling. Further research comparing the impact of different genomic counseling models is needed. 相似文献
118.
Rosemarie T. Truglio Kimberlee C. Murphy Sabrina Oppenheimer Aletha C. Huston John C. Wright 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1996,17(4):79
Three hundred and twenty six 3- and 5-year-olds (N = 160 3-year-olds) participated in a longitudinal study of the sociological and ecological predictors of children's general audience and child entertainment viewing. Viewing was assessed through five weekly diaries for each child, completed by families over a two-year period. Concurrent analyses of program availability, family demographics/attributes, and child characteristics indicated that children who were frequent viewers of entertainment programs had parents who had limited education, access to cable, and incorporated television into their activities. Although parental regulation and encouragement played a role in children's viewing experiences, particularly at 5 and 7 years of age, the strongest long-term predictors on children's entertainment viewing were parents' education, family size, and the age and sex of the child. Parents need to become more aware of their role in shaping their children's viewing habits. Responsibility for improving children's television viewing experiences, however, should not rely solely with parents but must be shared by educators, broadcasters, and legislators. 相似文献
119.
Life Tasks and Daily Life Experience 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nancy Cantor Julie Norem Christopher Langston Sabrina Zirkel William Fleeson Carol Cook-Flannagan 《Journal of personality》1991,59(3):425-451
ABSTRACT This article explores the assumption that the goals on which an individual works structure the experience of daily life. One set of important goals are those consensual tasks that reflect the age-graded expectations of a living environment (e.g., the task of being on one's own at college). Whereas most members of a common age group share these consensual life tasks, individuals in a group differ in the relative importance they place on different tasks and in their appraisals of them. In the present study of 54 women living in a college sorority, the importance of a life task was associated with increased relevance of the task to daily life events, as revealed in experience sampling. The women were more emotionally involved in events that they saw as highly relevant to their life tasks than in less relevant events and, for each person, positive affect and emotional involvement in task-relevant events were related to her initial life task appraisals. 相似文献
120.
Jean-Baptiste Corrégé Céline Clavel Julien Christophe Mehdi Ammi 《Basic and applied social psychology》2018,40(2):73-86
In this article, we used a social injunctive norm to incentivize the elaboration of energy-efficient projects within a building renovation simulation application. We manipulated the norm saliency (presence on the interface) and compared its effect to that of an arbitrary set goal and a no-goal condition (control). Results show that both an injunctive norm and an explicit goal, when salient, led to more energy-efficient designs. Furthermore, participants exposed to the salient injunctive norm identified important parameters more quickly, were more efficient, and were more consistently focused on energy (vs. furnishing). Implications for theory and methodology for further experiments are discussed. 相似文献