Complexity Effects on Temporal Characteristics of Speech

In light of evidence that multiple-goal messages tend to be characterized by longer speech-onset latencies and higher pause-phonation ratios, Greene, McDaniel, Buksa, and Ravizza have suggested that it is not the pursuit of multiple goals, per se, that results in less fluent speech. Rather, these authors suggest that the slower speech production characteristic of such messages is the result of difficulties in assembling, or integrating, incompatible message features. Recent evidence, however, indicates that this account is incomplete and in need of revision. Toward this end, we advance a complexity account that suggests that there are increased processing-capacity and temporal demands associated with formulating and maintaining more complex message representations. The article then reports four experimental studies of this complexity account. Experiments 1 and 2 operationalize complexity as the amount of information to be communicated in a message. These studies indicate that complexity does affect pause-phonation ratio and average pause duration. Experiments 3 and 4 operationalize complexity as the coherence of the information to be conveyed in a message. The results of Experiment 4, but not Experiment 3, again indicated that complexity influences speech fluency. The results of these studies, then, are taken to provide considerable support for the complexity hypothesis.     

Avengees' perspectives on revenge: Commitment as a predictor and relationship type differences

This study investigated how people respond emotionally to and make sense of the experience of being on the receiving end of an angry relationship partner's attempted revenge. Using an interdependence theory framework, we tested hypotheses concerning the role of commitment and investigated differences due to relationship type. We asked participants (N = 439) if they had experienced revenge at the hands of either a romantic partner, family member, or associate. Among those who had (N = 254), we found support for hypotheses linking commitment with avengees' affective and evaluative responses to being the target of revenge, but little evidence that these associations vary by relationship type. Possible routes by which commitment may influence people's experiences as avengees are discussed.     

Autonomy and the Free Speech Principle

ABSTRACT Autonomy may be used to justify free speech claims where the right is raised against the state but also to justify state intervention intended to promote autonomy which may entail restraints on others' speech. The appeal to diversity and autonomy may be used by both sides of the pornography and censorship debate. Although autonomy may be invoked in defence of pornography as part of the general defence of free speech, it is argued that autonomy favours the regulation of pornography. The 'free speech'defence of pornography is critically examined here and an alternative argument advanced for regulation.