护理执行用药医嘱的伦理学思考

护理人员在医疗机构推行临床合理用药的过程中承担着十分重要的任务.加强护理人员的道德教育,提高护理人员的素质,提高药物使用业务知识水平,提高与药物临床使用相关的护理技能,真正体现医疗机构推行的"以人为本"的护理理念,为患者的健康、康复负责.     

医学动物实验到人体试验的伦理思考——谈医德培养要从精微处累积

在医学动物实验和人体试验中蕴含着很多"奥列斯特"式的伦理难题,解决好这些问题,对医学生医德的培养和提高大有裨益.要构建健全的实验伦理规范,应该遵循仁爱原则、相关性原则和替代性原则,深入理解这些伦理原则对医学生消除困惑,合理把握实验尺度将大有帮助,减少伦理评价的或然性,为医学生医德的培养和提高做好实践和理论的铺垫.     

注册医师多点执业:患者的期待与担忧

作为新医改的一项重要举措,注册医师多点执业已在全国诸多地区展开试点.时此,笔者以问卷调查的方式了解到:患者对注册医师多点执业改革举措并无太多认识,但多数患者持支持态度.与此同时,患者也表达了他们对该举措利弊的一些看法,希望该举措得到很好的监管.     

The Relationship Between Diverse Components of Intelligence and Creativity

Intelligence and creativity are accounted for in terms of two different mental operations referred to as ‘convergent thinking’ and ‘divergent thinking’, respectively. Nevertheless, psychometric evidence on the relationship between intelligence and creativity has been controversial. To clarify their relationship, we characterized the relationship between diverse components of intelligence and creativity through the administration of psychometric tests on a large sample (WAIS, RPM, and TTCT‐figural: n = 215; TTCT‐verbal: n = 137). The general intelligence factor (g) score showed significant correlations with both TTCT‐figural and TTCT‐verbal scores. However, sub‐dimensional analysis demonstrated that their association was attributable to the specific components of both TTCTs (TTCT‐figural: Abstractness of Titles, Elaboration, and Resistance to Premature Closure; TTCT‐verbal: Flexibility) rather than to their common components (Fluency and Originality). Among the intelligence sub‐dimensions, crystallized intelligence (gC) played a pivotal role in the association between g and the specific components of both TTCTs. When the total sample was divided into two IQ groups, these phenomena were more evident in the average IQ group than in the high IQ group. These results suggest that the mental operation of creativity may be different from that of intelligence, but gC may be used as a resource for the mental operation of creativity.     

高善良特质在情绪调节行动控制中的内隐优势

基于善良特质在中国人人格修养中的重要价值, 本研究以情绪调节的行动控制理论为模型参照, 设计了三项行为实验检验善良特质的导向性与内隐情绪调节的关系。研究1采用Stroop任务, 比较高低善良被试判断人际关系词颜色时是否受到色词内容的干扰, 结果发现, 高(vs.低)善良被试对人际关系积极词更敏感; 研究2采用情绪调节内隐联想测验任务比较高低善良被试的情绪调节内隐态度差异, 结果发现高(vs.低)善良被试更倾向于采用控制型情绪调节方式调节情绪; 研究3在诱发被试负性情绪条件下, 采用面孔表情视觉搜索任务间接考察高低善良被试在内隐情绪修复效果上的差异, 结果显示高(vs.低)善良被试搜索愤怒背景下高兴面孔的速度更快。三项实验结果一致地表明, 高善良特质利他重感情的行动目的性在情绪调节的行动控制中具有内隐优势, 对积极的心理健康起促进作用。     

《易经》与儒家思想之渊源

诸子之学皆渊源于《易》。就儒家而言,其思想的基本特征是治国安民的社会实践。以此为参照,考诸《易经》,不难发现,儒家思想的许多内容,如和合精神、仁政思想、民本思想、内圣与外王相统一的思想等,皆可在《易经》中见其端绪。     

教师心理健康的标准和对策

本文首先讨论了提高教师心理健康水平对建设高质量教师队伍及提高学生心理健康的重要性 ,它也是落实素质教育的重要举措。文章还阐述了教师心理健康的标准 ,最后提出了提高教师心理素质的对策。     

心智游移、工作记忆对初中生阅读理解的影响

心智游移（mind wandering,MW）是一种特殊的注意分散状态,是个体内部自发的一种非自主内源性意识体验。选取101名初一学生被试,采用心智游移频率问卷和SART测验研究初中生的心智游移特质和状态,并分别考察两种角度中的心智游移、工作记忆对初中生阅读理解的影响,结果表明：（1）初中生的心智游移相对较低;（2）心智游移影响初中生的散文阅读;（3）工作记忆影响初中生的散文阅读,且心智游移在其中起调节作用。     

Chinese Marxist Philosophy Since Reform and Opening-Up

Since reform and opening-up began in 1978, Chinese Marxist philosophy has undertaken the double mission of enhancing the emancipation of the mind in society and of realizing its own ideological emancipation. It has gone through an evolutionary process from “extensive discussion about the criterion of truth” to “reform of philosophical textbooks”; from the proposal of the philosophical conception of “practical materialism” to reflection on “modernity”; and from the carrying-out of dialogues among Chinese, Western, and Marxist philosophies to the exploration of “new forms of civilization.” Chinese Marxist philosophy has shifted its way of doing research with practical materialism as a core conception, and it changed such modes of thinking as the intuitive theory of reflection based on na?ve realism, the theory of linear causality based on mechanical determinism, and the reductionism of essence based on abstract substantialism. As a result, it has boosted changes that were already underway in Chinese philosophy, worldviews, theories of truth, conceptions of history, and views of development, and it has further endowed the discourse system of Marxist philosophy with laudable subjectivity and originality.     

感知环境不确定性与环境扫描对认知变化的影响——认知闭合需要与认知需要的调节作用

对426名大学生进行问卷调查,考察了感知环境不确定性对认知变化的影响,环境扫描行为的中介作用以及认知闭合需要与认知需要对两阶段中介模型的调节作用。结果发现：（1）感知环境不确定性能够正向预测认知变化水平,并且环境扫描行为的两个维度都起到中介作用;（2）认知闭合需要能够负向调节中介模型的前后两个阶段;（3）认知需要对环境扫描有直接正向作用,并且对关注程度的促进更大,但是负向调节扫描频率和认知变化之间的关系。