急性高原病易感人群筛选研究的一些思考

高原缺氧存在易感人群,目前对高原易感人群的筛查主要从进入高原前后人体功能、组织因子及蛋白的变化等方面进行研究,有学者开始从基因水平筛查高原易感人群,基因研究虽然面临许多困难,但它可能是高原易感人群筛查中最有前景的研究方法,应是今后研究的重要方向.     

护理执行用药医嘱的伦理学思考

护理人员在医疗机构推行临床合理用药的过程中承担着十分重要的任务.加强护理人员的道德教育,提高护理人员的素质,提高药物使用业务知识水平,提高与药物临床使用相关的护理技能,真正体现医疗机构推行的"以人为本"的护理理念,为患者的健康、康复负责.     

医学动物实验到人体试验的伦理思考——谈医德培养要从精微处累积

在医学动物实验和人体试验中蕴含着很多"奥列斯特"式的伦理难题,解决好这些问题,对医学生医德的培养和提高大有裨益.要构建健全的实验伦理规范,应该遵循仁爱原则、相关性原则和替代性原则,深入理解这些伦理原则对医学生消除困惑,合理把握实验尺度将大有帮助,减少伦理评价的或然性,为医学生医德的培养和提高做好实践和理论的铺垫.     

注册医师多点执业:患者的期待与担忧

作为新医改的一项重要举措,注册医师多点执业已在全国诸多地区展开试点.时此,笔者以问卷调查的方式了解到:患者对注册医师多点执业改革举措并无太多认识,但多数患者持支持态度.与此同时,患者也表达了他们对该举措利弊的一些看法,希望该举措得到很好的监管.     

法国医疗损害赔偿制度改革述评

基于病人权利运动的蓬勃发展和卫生体系现代化的要求,法国近年来在医事法上的主要成就是,建立了对无过错医疗行为中受到严重损害的病人以国家"团结互助"名义从专项基金中予以救济的制度,并且构建了医疗纠纷诉讼外解决机制,分析这种改革的优点与不足.     

集体主义原则的公正性探析

必须坚持集体主义原则的公正价值向度,这是集体主义自身的内生性需要,也是社会对它的外源性要求。集体主义原则的公正性是较为复杂的,既有其绝对性的一面,又有其相对性的一面,这加剧了集体主义公正性落实上的困难。必须全面把握集体主义的公正性,在集体和个人的相互作用中推动集体主义的实现。     

The Relationship Between Diverse Components of Intelligence and Creativity

Intelligence and creativity are accounted for in terms of two different mental operations referred to as ‘convergent thinking’ and ‘divergent thinking’, respectively. Nevertheless, psychometric evidence on the relationship between intelligence and creativity has been controversial. To clarify their relationship, we characterized the relationship between diverse components of intelligence and creativity through the administration of psychometric tests on a large sample (WAIS, RPM, and TTCT‐figural: n = 215; TTCT‐verbal: n = 137). The general intelligence factor (g) score showed significant correlations with both TTCT‐figural and TTCT‐verbal scores. However, sub‐dimensional analysis demonstrated that their association was attributable to the specific components of both TTCTs (TTCT‐figural: Abstractness of Titles, Elaboration, and Resistance to Premature Closure; TTCT‐verbal: Flexibility) rather than to their common components (Fluency and Originality). Among the intelligence sub‐dimensions, crystallized intelligence (gC) played a pivotal role in the association between g and the specific components of both TTCTs. When the total sample was divided into two IQ groups, these phenomena were more evident in the average IQ group than in the high IQ group. These results suggest that the mental operation of creativity may be different from that of intelligence, but gC may be used as a resource for the mental operation of creativity.     

腹膜间皮细胞EMT在腹膜纤维化中的研究进展及意义

腹膜透析是终末期肾衰患者肾脏替代治疗的重要手段,腹膜纤维化导致腹透效能下降及超滤衰竭,制约着腹膜透析的应用.腹膜间皮细胞上皮细胞间充质转化是腹膜纤维化的起始和可逆环节,因此预防和逆转EMT的发生发展可能是阻止和延缓腹膜纤维化、超滤衰竭的最佳策略,并将带来巨大的社会和经济效益.     

儿童类比推理的影响因素及干预促进

类比推理这一重要认知能力能够帮助儿童在未经历过的复杂情况下进行推断和学习。近年来研究者主要从行为研究、计算机模型和眼动技术的角度探究了儿童抑制控制和工作记忆在类比推理中的交互作用模式及类比推理策略对类比推理的影响。在此基础上,研究者围绕语言标签和物理表征两方面对儿童类比推理进行了干预研究。儿童类比推理的未来研究应着眼于改进研究方法、关注类比推理各加工阶段影响因素及加强儿童类比推理策略的干预应用研究。     

Behavioral Problems Reported by Adolescents and Parents from HIV Affected Families in China

This study examined the influence of various factors on the behavioral problems of adolescents affected by HIV while considering the agreement between adolescent and parent reports on problem behaviors. A total of 136 families each with one parent living with HIV (PLH) and one child aged 13–18 were included. Structural equation modeling was used to explore relationships between selected family measures and adolescent’s problem behaviors. The correlation between the PLH and adolescent-reported behavioral problem measures was low (β?=?0.11). PLH-reported adolescent problem behaviors were negatively related to PLH-reported parental bonding (β?=??0.39), family routines (β?=??0.26), and positively associated with family conflict (β?=?0.21). Adolescent-reported family participation was associated with self-reported problem behaviors (β?=??0.35). Our study reported discrete perceptions of adolescent problem behaviors from parents’ and adolescents’ points of view. Future intervention efforts should emphasize family contextual factors to improve behavioral outcomes in adolescents affected by HIV.