眼外肌Pulley研究进展及分析

随着影像学、形态学、计算机等多学科在眼科的应用,眼外肌Pulley得以被发现并被应用于临床研究.眼外肌Pulley的应用使临床眼球运动Listing法则,前庭眼反射及双眼集合运动理论得到了较为全面的解释.在众多学科的研究基础上,眼外肌Pulley对某些复杂斜视的发病机制有了新的解释并对其临床治疗提供了新的手术方法.     

转化医学模式对临床医学八年制教学改革的启示

近年来我国部分重点医学院校陆续推出精英教育培养模式,以八年制医学生的培养为代表.临床医学八年制的培养更需要基础医学与临床医学之间相互整合,是完善“八年一贯,本博融通”培养模式的关键.转化医学的出现,为消除基础与临床的屏障,提高八年制医学生基础医学研究水平,加强临床思维培养提供了新的平台和途径.     

人体器官买卖成因和对策的法学思考

器官供需严重不平衡导致了人体器官买卖的产生,器官买卖对供体和受体均存在潜在风险,对社会危险性也不容忽视.分析了器官买卖链条中供体、受体和中介各自的角色和地位,并提出了立法推动尸体器官捐献、加强医院和医务人员承担的法律责任、打击买卖中介和加强网络监管等建议.     

生命整体调控新理论体系与心肺运动试验

心肺运动试验是一种直接关系到呼吸、循环、代谢及神经等多系统的临床功能学检测方法.人作为有机整体,其生命是以呼吸为表征,血液循环为基础,代谢为前提,氧化能量物质供应能量为代谢的核心,在神经体液联合调控之下,在消化吸收、泌尿、排泄、皮肤等协助配合之下从而实现的一种动态地趋向于平衡,而永远这不到真正的平衡的一种功能状态.由此提出了全新“整体整合生理学一医学”理论体系的基本架构.     

腹腔镜在女性盆底修复术中的应用

随着社会老龄化的加剧,盆底功能障碍性疾病的发病率日益上升.之前热门的盆底重建术随着时间的推移,并发症相继出现.美国食品药品管理局(FDA)连续两次发布了关于经阴道网片的警告,使专家们认识到了问题的严重性.经过30余年的发展,腹腔镜技术已经被广泛地应用于各类妇科手术中.腹腔镜在女性盆底修复术中的应用重新得到了关注.自1991年腹腔镜技术首次应用于女性盆底修复手术中以来,国内外不断有新的腹腔镜下盆底修复术式的报道.现就各种腹腔镜下盆底修复手术做一综述.     

社会距离知觉对道德判断的影响研究

理论上,人们对不同个体行为是否违背道德的判断是完全一致的。本研究提出,人们对社会距离线索的知觉会影响对道德行为的判断。研究设计了两个实验,分别从社会距离直接启动和社会距离线索启动的角度对这一假设进行了检验。结果发现,较近的社会距离启动及社会距离线索都能促使个体采取更温和的道德判断,功利主义的色彩比较浓厚,而较远的社会距离启动促使个体采用更加严格的道德判断,表现出道义论倾向。文章最后讨论了这一结果对未来研究的意义。     

National Survey of Client's Perceptions of Chinese Psychotherapist Practices

The present study is a cross-sectional survey that investigates ethical practices among Chinese psychotherapists from the perspective of a large representative sample of Chinese clients (N?=?1,100). In reports from clients, we found that psychotherapists did poorly in providing informed consent and had other ethical difficulties in the therapeutic setting and with dual relationships. We conclude that Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, had significant impact on the attitudes toward the psychotherapists' ethical practices, which complicated ethical dilemmas. It is important for cross-cultural psychotherapists to become sensitive to the influences of traditional Chinese culture when counseling Chinese clients.     

Do Christian Denominations Exhibit Higher Rates of Alcohol Consumption? A Study of Korean American Women in California

Although Korean American women show high levels of involvement in religious practices and high prevalence of alcohol consumption, no studies have assessed the association between religious denomination and alcohol intake among this group of women. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of religious denomination and religious commitment to alcohol consumption among Korean American women in California. Polychotomous regression models were used to provide estimates of the associations between religious denomination and religious commitment to alcohol consumption. Catholic Korean American women (OR 5.61 P < 0.01) and Independent Christian women (OR 4.87 P < 0.01) showed stronger associations to heavy alcohol consumption when compared to Conservative Christian Korean American women. Path analysis suggested that specific denominations had both direct and indirect effects on the outcome of interest, and that religious commitment and drinking models served as moderators for this phenomenon.     

对环保行为的心理学解读——规范焦点理论述评

社会规范对个体行为的影响常被低估.通过将社会规范区分为描述性规范和命令性规范,并强调注意焦点的作用,规范焦点理论重新强调了社会规范的重要作用.根据规范焦点理论,不同类型的社会规范有不同的作用,恰当地使用相应的社会规范信息对环保行为进行干预,可以减少乱丢垃圾、促进垃圾分类,改善节能、节约和保护资源等行为.立足于环保应用,总结了运用这种既科学又省力的措施时应注意的问题.最后,从文化差异和我国社会现阶段特征两个方面,论述了规范焦点理论及其所倡导的措施对我国环保工作的适用性.     

Religiosity in Christian Educational Leadership

This study investigated the primary leadership orientations of Christian school leaders and their association with religiosity. To this end, this study adopted two lines of thought and research; the religiosity theory proposed by Batson, Schoenrade, and Ventis (1993) and the leadership theory proposed by Bolman and Deal (1997). Participants of this study were 206 K-12 school leaders affiliated with a Protestant church in the United States. According to the analysis, the human resource frame was the primary leadership frame of the school leaders, and the structural frame was a close second. Quest religiosity was inversely related to the four frames of structural, human resource, political, and symbolic leadership, whereas intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientations were positively related to the frames. Despite this pattern of relationship, in general, the analysis found little statistically meaningful relationship between religiosity and leadership, and this fact engenders an important question whether or not religion has any impact on Christian education, leadership, and behavior.