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51.
The hierarchy principle predicts and research has demonstrated that in response to communication failure, individuals make less cognitively demanding, low-level changes to message plans, such as the vocal intensity at which they are delivered, rather than more demanding alterations to message content and structure. Three experiments examined the effects of different message preparations on cognitive loads associated with high-level message plan alterations. In Experiment 1, individuals who prepared only one highly iconic message before experiencing communication failure demonstrated greater cognitive load when requested to deliver an alternative message than did individuals who prepared three highly iconic alternative messages. No cognitive load differences were found between those who prepared one or three low-iconicity messages. In Experiment 2, individuals who prepared one or six highly iconic message plans demonstrated greater cognitive load after communication failure than those who prepared three alternatives. This U-curve relationship was replicated in Experiment 3. 相似文献
52.
ON THE VALIDITY OF SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
TOBY D. WALL JONATHAN MICHIE MALCOLM PATTERSON STEPHEN J. WOOD MAURA SHEEHAN CHRIS W. CLEGG MICHAEL WEST 《Personnel Psychology》2004,57(1):95-118
Subjective measures of company performance are widely used in research and typically are interpreted as equivalent to objective measures. Yet, the assumption of equivalence is open to challenge. We compared the use of both types of measure in 3 separate samples. Findings were consistent in showing that: (a) subjective and objective measures of company performance were positively associated (convergent validity); (b) those relationships were stronger than those between measures of differing aspects of performance using the same method (discriminant validity); and (c) the relationships of subjective and objective company performance measures with a range of independent variables were equivalent (construct validity). 相似文献
53.
DANIEL J. WHITAKER STEVEN R. H. BEACH JOE ETHERTON RICH WAKEFIELD PAGE L. ANDERSON 《Personal Relationships》1999,6(1):41-56
This article examined the relationship between internal working models of self and other (Bowlby, 1969) and expectations for satisfaction in a future relationship, and how that relationship is moderated by the accessibility of one's internal models. Study one showed that the model of self was predictive of expected satisfaction, but the model of other was not. In study two, the results of study one were replicated. However, using a reaction time task to measure the chronic accessibility of internal models, it was shown that the relationship between model of self and expected satisfaction existed only for people with highly accessible internal models. The implications of these findings for a more cognitive view of attachment-processes is discussed. 相似文献
54.
Coyne's (1976b) interpersonal theory of depression asserts that devaluation and rejection by relationship partners may exacerbate depressive symptoms. We tested this assertion empirically and investigated two theoretically based moderators of this effect: reassurance-seeking and self-esteem level. Dating women (N= 134) completed measures of depression, reassurance-seeking, and self-esteem at Time 1 and a measure of depression at Time 2 six weeks later. Male partners completed a measure of devaluation of the women. Partner devaluation was not associated with increased emotional distress for women across the entire sample. However, significant moderating effects of both reassurance-seeking and self-esteem level were found. Partner devaluation predicted increased emotional distress among women who reported high levels of reassurance-seeking and among women who reported low levels of self-esteem. Results are discussed in terms of convergence with Coyne's theory. 相似文献
55.
ELIZABETH J. KLOPPER BENNETT I. TITTLER STEVEN FRIEDMAN SARA J. HUGHES 《Family process》1978,17(1):83-93
Two family constructs—prominence and interpersonal distance—are examined. Their origins are traced in the experimental and theoretical literature. The validity of each construct is investigated using data obtained from 15 families with a symptom-bearing child. Validity is supported in both cases through the occurrence of significant correlations among different measures of the same construct. It is suggested that the current distress of the families being studied may have increased the clarity of the prominence hierarchies and dyadic distances that emerged. 相似文献
56.
This paper discusses the behavior modification technique of charting as a double-bind communication. Though the procedure was initially employed as a step in demonstrating operant conditioning ( 7 ) and later in diagnosis of the antecedents and consequences maintaining undesired behavior ( 8 ), it also proved one of the more powerful therapeutic interventions. Literature reviews on treatment programs for obesity ( 6 ) and behavioral approaches to marital therapy ( 2 ) support this contention. Its efficacy can be explained by integrating the viewpoints of behaviorist and family therapy approaches espoused by Haley ( 4 ) and Weakland et al . ( 9 ). Following are brief case reports in which charting resulted in quick and sometimes dramatic change. 相似文献
57.
A Meta-Analysis of Research on Protection Motivation Theory 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
DONNA L. FLOYD STEVEN PRENTICE-DUNN RONALD W. ROGERS 《Journal of applied social psychology》2000,30(2):407-429
This article reports the first meta-analysis of the literature on protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975, 1983; Rogers & Prentice-Dunn, 1997), a model of disease prevention and health promotion that has generated research for over two decades. The literature review included 65 relevant studies ( N = approximately 30,000) that represented over 20 health issues. The mean overall effect size ( d += 0.52) was of moderate magnitude. In general, increases in threat severity, threat vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy facilitated adaptive intentions or behaviors. Conversely, decreases in maladaptive response rewards and adaptive response costs increased adaptive intentions or behaviors. This held true whether the measures were based on intentions or behaviors, and suggests that PMT components may be useful for individual and community interventions. 相似文献
58.
PROGRAM COMMITMENT: A MULTI-STUDY LONGITUDINAL FIELD INVESTIGATION OF ITS IMPACT AND ANTECEDENTS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Increasingly, human resource professionals are being challenged to manage organizational programs that have proliferated in the wake of continual pressure to respond to competition and environmental change. This research examines program commitment, that is, an employee's commitment to an organizational program, and investigates its association with important organizational outcomes and a set of potential antecedents in 2 longitudinal field studies. In the first study, program commitment was positively related to participation in the program and program-related performance. In the second study, organizational commitment, change efficacy, and teamwork orientation were supported as antecedents to program commitment. 相似文献
59.
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL: MEASUREMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
FRED LUTHANS BRUCE J. AVOLIO JAMES B. AVEY STEVEN M. NORMAN 《Personnel Psychology》2007,60(3):541-572
Two studies were conducted to analyze how hope, resilience, optimism, and efficacy individually and as a composite higher-order factor predicted work performance and satisfaction. Results from Study 1 provided psychometric support for a new survey measure designed to assess each of these 4 facets, as well as a composite factor. Study 2 results indicated a significant positive relationship regarding the composite of these 4 facets with performance and satisfaction. Results from Study 2 also indicated that the composite factor may be a better predictor of performance and satisfaction than the 4 individual facets. Limitations and practical implications conclude the article. 相似文献
60.
PAUL E. SPECTOR TAMMY D. ALLEN STEVEN A. Y. POELMANS LAURENT M. LAPIERRE CARY L. COOPER MICHAEL O'DRISCOLL JUAN I. SANCHEZ NUREYA ABARCA MATILDA ALEXANDROVA BARBARA BEHAM PAULA BROUGH PABLO FERREIRO GUILLERMO FRAILE CHANG-QIN LU LUO LU IVONNE MORENO-VELÁZQUEZ MILAN PAGON HOREA PITARIU VOLODYMYR SALAMATOV SATORU SHIMA ALEJANDRA SUAREZ SIMONI OI LING SIU MARIA WIDERSZAL-BAZYL 《Personnel Psychology》2007,60(4):805-835
A study of work interference with family (WIF) among managers is described, contrasting four clusters of countries, one of which is individualistic (Anglo) and three of which are collectivistic (Asia, East Europe, and Latin America). Country cluster (Anglo vs. each of the others) moderated the relation of work demands with strain-based WIF, with the Anglo country cluster having the strongest relationships. Country cluster moderated some of the relationships of strain-based WIF with both job satisfaction and turnover intentions, with Anglos showing the strongest relationships. Cluster differences in domestic help were ruled out as the possible explanation for these moderator results. 相似文献