中国医药创新面临的挑战及其应对

当下, 医药产业创新可持续发展已成为满足人民生命健康﹑维护国家安全、建设科技强国, 参与国际战略竞争的制高点和关键。历经十几年的发展﹐中国医药创新环境得到非常显著的改善, 但仍面临新的挑战, 中国医药创新又到了再次转型的关键节点。大力发展医药创新需要的不仅是政府资金支持或单项政策出台, 更是举国体制下清晰的顶层设计, 融合全产业链条(基础/临床研究、监管、支付等)建立起科学、完善的政策机制, 在双循环新发展格局下构建中国医药创新高质量发展的必然要求。

     

国外护士道德韧性的研究进展及启示

结合既往资料,对国外护士道德韧性的概念发展、特征、测量工具、影响因素、作用进行具体综述。道德韧性的6个特征包括个人正直、关系正直、适应力、自我调节、自我管理、道德效能。护士道德韧性的影响因素包括性别、年龄、协调联系、同伴支持、道德困扰和道德勇气。研究发现道德韧性可以作为抵抗道德困境的途径、提高护士心理健康水平,以及减少职业倦怠与降低离职率。总结提出宏观层面应制定政策、提供组织支持,中观层面培养道德韧性,微观层面指出我国护士道德韧性的研究发展方向,为国内护士道德韧性的发展提供参考。

     

Action Generalization Across Group Members: Action Efficiency Matters

Actions are usually generalized among social group members. Importantly, the efficiency of an action with respect to achieving an external target determines action understanding, and it may have different degrees of social relevance to social groups. Thus, this study explored the role of action efficiency in action generalization. We used computer animations to simulate actions in social groups initiated by visual action cues or category labels, and we measured differences in response times between identifying actions that were and were not consistent with group members, without explicit requirements regarding generalization. It was found that in both visually introduced and explicitly labeled social groups, when the group members acted inefficiently toward the external object, perceivers identified group-consistent actions faster than group-inconsistent actions, indicating that the exemplars' common inefficient actions are generalized to the unknown ingroup member, accordingly facilitating the identification of expected consistent inefficient action (Experiment 1). As this effect was not present when removing social group cues, it was determined to be specific to social groups (Experiment 2). Importantly, such generalization was not observed when the identical action was deemed efficient toward the external object (Experiment 3) and was specific to the demonstration of the action being completed by multiple group members rather than being repeated twice by one group member, supporting the group-based inference and ruling out the possibility of the increased memorability of inefficient actions leading to more generalization relative to efficient actions (Experiment 4). Therefore, the efficiency of an action bounds the generalization of the action across social group members through a process that is spontaneous and implicit. This constrained action generalization may be due to inefficient actions being represented as culture-specific conventional forms.     

校园霸凌行为问卷的编制

目的:从贵州省青少年校园霸凌行为的实际出发,以大样本为基础,遵循心理测量学的方法编制《校园霸凌行为问卷》。方法:经理论建模、题库建设编制初测问卷,以3923名学生为被试进行项目分析和探索性因子分析; 以3899名被试进行信度检验及验证性因子分析,形成最终问卷。结果:问卷由7个一阶因子和2个二阶因子组成,共40个题项。问卷及各维度的内部一致性系数在0.7～0.927之间,重测信度在0.291～0.49之间,结构效度良好,与OBVQ-V和MBVS的相关分别为0.646和0.726。结论:本研究探索、发现并整合创新了反映当代校园霸凌治理难点的“恶整霸凌”; 问卷信效度良好,可作为国内青少年校园霸凌行为的有效测量工具。     

基于多层验证性因素分析的各种信度系数方法

近年来,心理学研究的复现性受到广泛关注,许多实证研究难以重复验证,信度较低。大量研究使用多层技术,但只报告整体信度,导致研究可重复危机。基于各种信度系数和验证性因素分析的理论,以二层模型为例,总结多层信度计算方法,通过文献综述检索应用情况,并用MPLUS进行实例演示,最后讨论单层信度估计存在的偏差及分层估计的好处。总之,对多层数据进行分层信度估计是很有必要的,可消除因测量工具缺乏信度而导致的研究不可重复。     

文本阅读过程中信息的协调性整合

采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨文本阅读中信息的协调性整合问题。被试为华南师范大学本科生120名。实验材料按照主 人公特征与其目标句行为的关系总体上分为一致与恢复一致两个版本,每个版本都有两个目标句,出现在不同位置。实验1主 要探讨阅读过程中背景信息的激活与协调性整合的性质与特点,实验2主要探讨阅读过程工作记忆中前后信息的协调性整合 问题。采用相关样本t检验分别对两个目标句的阅读时间进行统计分析,结果发现,无论是通过共振激活的背景信息,还是保留 在工作记忆的文本信息,如果与新进入的文本信息有局部的不协调,那么就会产生协调性整合,整合的结果不仅维持了文本的连 贯,而且将相关的信息建构成整体的信息块     

Involvement of BDNF receptor TrkB in spatial memory formation

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), and are phosphorylated by several tyrosine kinases including a Src-family tyrosine kinase Fyn. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, which also enhances hippocampal synaptic transmission and efficacy by increasing NMDA receptor activity. Here, we show that Fyn is a key molecule linking the BDNF receptor TrkB with NMDA receptors, which play an important role in spatial memory formation in a radial arm maze. Spatial learning induced phosphorylation of TrkB, Fyn, and NR2B, but not NR2A, in the hippocampus. Fyn was coimmunoprecipitated with TrkB and NR2B, and this association was increased in well-trained rats compared with control animals. Continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of PP2, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in rats delayed memory acquisition in the radial arm maze, but PP2-treated animals reached the same level of learning as the controls. The phosphorylation of Fyn and NR2B, but not TrkB, was diminished by PP2 treatment. Our findings suggest the importance of interaction between BDNF/TrkB signaling and NMDA receptors for spatial memory in the hippocampus.     

“神医”现象的剖析

当前“神医”并非罕见,他们常施展浑身解数,或给自己戴上自制的各种“高帽”、“大帽”、什么“国标抗癌协会主席;或假借名人、甚或政界要人的提携,多少沾点余光;或让身世充满着曲折离奇的迷露,对于“神医”的泛滥,当务 急是对全民进行破除迷信、崇尚宾教育,提高全慢旗的心理素质。     

Bidirectional semantic associations between social power and weight

Two experiments were conducted to examine bidirectional semantic associations between power and weight using a priming paradigm. Bidirectionality in the relationship between power and weight was demonstrated, utilising tasks that were identical except that the orders in which the stimuli were presented were reversed. In Experiment 1, an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a priming stimulus, and a scale that appeared in equilibrium with a pair of power words was used as a target stimulus. In Experiment 2, a scale with a pair of words that appeared in equilibrium was used as a priming stimulus, and an empty scale leaning either leftward or rightward was used as a target stimulus. We identified interaction effects between power and weight in both experiments. Associations between power and weight provide evidence for both conceptual metaphor views and evolutionary theory. The bidirectionality of metaphorical effects is in line with the strong version of metaphoric structuring. Both language and experiential correlations play important roles in the development of the mapping between power and weight.