Wittgenstein and Irigaray: Gender and Philosophy in a Language (Game) of Difference

Drawing Wittgenstein's and Irigaray's philosophies into conversation might help resolve certain misunderstandings that have so far hampered both the reception of Irigaray's work and the development of feminist praxis in general. A Wittgensteinian reading of Irigaray can furnish an anti-essentialist conception of “woman” that retains the theoretical and political specificity feminism requires while dispelling charges that Irigaray's attempt to delineate a “feminine” language is either groundlessly Utopian or entails a biological essentialism.     

Healthy Death

The concept of healthy death is introduced and explored. A review of literature on the subject of death and dying reveals efforts that have sought to make death a “good” and “meaningful” experience. The article concludes with a summary definition of healthy death.     

Consultation: A New Strategy For CETA

Program changes inherent in the CETA concept have markedly decreased the effectiveness of previous program management and liaison strategies. Some reasons for this decrease and a new set of skills for working at the interface between prime sponsors and subcontractors and/or the regional offices are presented. These skills, formulated within a consultation model and based on solid behavioral strategies, are one way to increase CETA program effectiveness.     

The validity of the serial color-word test A reply to Lennart Sjöberg

Abstract.— In reply to Lennart Sjoberg's conclusion that the reliabilities and validities of the serial Color-Word Test are at best moderate the present authors claim that, given reliable and adequate criteria, the validities are high. Hence, the true reliabilities can hardly be low. Supporting data are presented. However, the test should not be used merely to identify psychiatric syndrome groups, but rather to broaden our knowledge about them by unveiling their adaptive strategies.     

The effect on his visual afterimages of a subject's defensive system in interaction with the afterimage theory presented to him

Abstract.— Two groups of psychiatric subjects listened to instructions telling them that projected visual afterimages (Ah) are apt to reflect one's inner personal life, either openly (group UE) or only after suitable controls have been applied (group CE). Thereafter all subjects produced AIs of a schematic red face during 16 trials. The anxiety and defensive systems of the subjects were mapped by means of the Meta-Contrast Technique. As expected, the UE instructions produced more open anxiety in the A1 situation than did the CE instruction. It also tended to facilitate repressive-projective defenses, resulting in primitive or evasive A1 reactions, while the CE instructions in combination with compulsive-inhibitory defenses often led to reactions of an all-or-none type, i.e. either an unimpaired AI or no AI at all.     

Developing Coordinated Technical Assistance and Training Programs

The design of a coordinated, multi-level technical assistance and training system is crucial to the delivery of manpower services under CETA. A framework for the development of such a system, together with tentative roles and responsibilities for its implementation are presented.     

The behavior of young children in a strange situation

Abstract. The social behavior of young children was assessed in a strange situation which was to become increasingly more stressful. The strange-situation procedure reported by Ainsworth & Wittig (1969) was repeated as closely as possible. Children between 1 and 1¹/₂ years were accompanied by their mothers or by a female stranger in various combinations, or were alone, according to a prearranged sequence. The data were subjected to a commonality analysis (Masters & Wellman, 1974). Common changes in the frequencies of 20 behavior items were noted across the different episodes. The physicaldistance relationship between the child and its companion, the exploratory behavior of the child, and individual differences among the children were analyzed in light of Bowlby's attachment theory. The results gave some support to the findings reported by Ainsworth and her group, but also pointed to functional differences between the behavior items examined. The results on crying were compared with those of Ainsworth & Wittig (1969), showing a fair degree of agreement. Finally, the subjects were divided into groups according to an operationalization of the criteria given by Ainsworth et al. (1971). Often children, only three could unequivocally be placed in one of eight groups. This suggests that it may be difficult to use the group characterization proposed by Ainsworth et al.     

Noise, S-R compatibility and hand dominance

The present study investigated the importance of task parameters in determining the effects of noise on performance, with interest focusing on variables which influence response selection and execution. The results of the first experiment showed that noise had an effect on response selection, slowing reaction times when an incompatible response had to be made. In contrast to this, the second experiment showed that noise had no effect on the speed of controlled movements and did not change the difference between movements made with the preferred and non-preferred hands.     

Counseling and Human Resource Development: Response to “Career Development in Business and Industry”

The author responds to an article by Dorn (1986) on career development in business and industry. Clarification regarding definition, job titles, job roles, and points of entry for behavioral science professionals is provided. Emphasis is placed on human resource development rather than the more generic use of counseling or career development in business and industry.