Verbal memory elicited by ambient odor.

This study examined whether an ambient odor can act as a contextual cue for retrieval of verbal stimuli. Subjects (N = 47) learned a list of 24 words while exposed to one of two odors (either jasmine incense or Lauren perfume) and subsequently relearned the list with either the same or the alternative odor present. Superior memory for the word list was found when the odor present during the relearning session was the same one that had been present at the time of initial learning, thereby demonstrating context-dependent memory. There were no differences in initial learning between the two odor conditions. No differences in pleasantness or intensity were found between the odors.     

Fractal growth of graphite nodules in iron

It has been found from a large number of statistical tests that graphite nodules in malleable iron grow with time according to a power law. The growth of the nodules and their fractal dimension have been investigated experimentally as a function of annealing time. Based on the assumption of carbon-diffusion-controlled growth in the initial stage, the growth equation is R _G = K ₁ t ^1/(D-1), where R _G is the radius of the graphite nodules, t the time, D the fractal dimension and K ₁ a constant. Assuming cementite-dissolution-controlled growth in the later stages of growth, the relation is R _G = K ₃ t ^3/D , where K ₃ is a constant. The fractal dimension, or the aggregate state of the graphite nodules, strongly influences the growth process.     

Stress,psychiatric co-morbidity and coping in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria

This study examined life event stress, perceived stress and psychiatric co-morbidity among patients with Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU). It also investigated the relationship between coping, stress, the severity of CIU and psychiatric co-morbidity. Total of 100 CIU patients and 60 allergy patients participated in the study. They completed the General Health Questionnaire, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Ways of Coping Checklist. Compared with allergy patients, CIU patients had worse co-morbidity and higher levels of life event stress and perceived stress. Emotion-focussed coping was associated with the severity of CIU; perceived stress was associated with co-morbidity.     

心理咨询:存在问题与解决方案

随着社会的发展,心理咨询也得到相应的进展.由于心理咨询本身的特殊性,要求它必须在一些特殊的规范下才能健康发展.然而,心理咨询当前的状况令人堪忧.从主办机构、培训招考和从业监督三个角度分析了当前存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策.     

父母控制、自尊与小学生社会创造力的关系

考察父母行为控制、心理控制与社会创造力间的关系、以及自我肯定、自我贬低在其中的中介作用,采用小学生社会创造力测验,父母控制量表和自尊量表对540名5、6年级学生进行研究。结果发现:(1)父母行为控制正向预测社会创造力(γ=0.18),心理控制负向预测社会创造力(γ=-0.28);(2)行为控制通过自我肯定的完全中介作用影响社会创造力(中介效应值为0.09),心理控制则通过自我贬低的部分中介作用影响社会创造力(中介效应值为0.05),模型的总解释率R2=0.20。     

Perfectionism,Distress, and Irrational Beliefs in High School Students: Analyses with an Abbreviated Survey of Personal Beliefs for Adolescents

The current study examined the associations between dimensions of perfectionism and irrational beliefs in an adolescent sample. In addition, we tested the association between psychological distress and irrational beliefs in adolescents and we evaluated the feasibility of creating a modified version of the Survey of Personal Beliefs for use with adolescents. A sample of 250 adolescents (108 males, 142 females) completed the Child-Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, the Survey of Personal Beliefs, and the CES-D Depression Scale. Initial psychometric analyses yielded an abbreviated 30-item Survey of Personal Beliefs with adequate internal consistency for four of the five subscales. Our results showed that self-oriented perfectionism was associated significantly with all five irrational belief subscales, while the associations between socially prescribed perfectionism and irrational belief subscales were much smaller in magnitude. Self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and irrational beliefs were all associated significantly with elevated distress among adolescents, and irrational beliefs predicted unique variance in distress, over and above the variance attributable to the trait perfectionism dimensions. The findings confirmed the association between perfectionism and irrational beliefs and their respective roles in psychological distress among adolescents.     

脑损伤语言认知障碍研究 ——认知神经心理学研究途径

20世纪90年代以来,从认知神经科学的角度揭示语言及其它认知的脑机制成为科学研究的前沿与热点。研究各种脑损伤导致的特异性语言障碍,为探索语言和其它认知的结构、加工,及大脑不同部位在语言和其它认知活动中的功能增添了一条新的途径。同时也对临床失语症的诊断与康复起了很多积极的作用。汉语在世界语言体系中具有其独特性,对汉语的语言障碍及其脑机制的研究将为完善人类语义知识理论、语言的表征与加工模型有重要贡献,也为发展汉语失语症针对性的康复方案提供理论和实践基础