《周易参同契》之"鄞鄂"义考

《汉语大词典》等释"鄞鄂"为"边界""形体"义,并认为《参同契》中的两处"鄞鄂"亦是此义.此释有两处不足:首先,"鄞鄂"的内涵要比上述释义丰富得多；其次,以《参同契》句子为例不妥,《参同契》之"鄞鄂"在炼丹术中是专门术语,有其特定的专门语义."鄞鄂"源自垠鄂写法,垠鄂包括凹凸状纹饰、开放空间或器物、某空间的四周高起貌等含义.后两种含义为各种词典所无,但它们恰恰决定了"鄞鄂"用作道教炼丹术语时的含义,即表示炼内丹的神室和炼外丹的容器.而《中华道教大辞典》及其他专业词典将"鄞鄂"理解为元神和根蒂等,是借代或是其他比喻的修辞方式,或是空间重合的另外说法.     

Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Linkage Between Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts

Previous suicide attempts are a leading risk factor for completed suicide. To identify specific characteristics of those at high risk for attempts, we investigated associations with socioeconomic status (SES). Data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) included adults who reported suicidal ideation (N = 220,245). Attempts in the past 12 months were assessed. Associations of demographic, socioeconomic, and suicide‐related behavioral factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Among those with suicidal ideation, 862 (3.9%) had attempted suicide. After stratification by age and gender, results showed that low education and unemployed young adult men and women had significantly higher rates of attempts. The lowest income level was associated with significantly higher rates of attempts in only young adult women. Among those with the lowest and highest income, the association between ideation and attempts was attenuated, whereas it was enhanced among other income groups.     

血管外科治疗进展与科技发展的关系

血管外科在近几十年日益发展成熟,并逐渐从普外科分离出来成为单独发展的学科.在科技发展日新月异的新世纪,新技术新材料的应用也推动着血管外科诊疗手段的突飞猛进.这就要求从事血管外科的医务工作者在临床工作中要树立科技发展观的意识,及时了解科技前沿的发展动态,用新技术新方法改善治疗效果,最大程度地减少患者的痛苦和提高患者的生活质量,促进人类健康生存和发展.     

乘法估算中的策略转换成本

灵活的策略转换是个体根据情境高效解决问题的重要能力之一。本研究分别在强制转换和自由转换两种范式下,探讨乘法估算中不同难度的策略转换是否需要转换成本。结果发现,个体使用两种不同难度的策略时均存在对称策略转换成本,且从较难策略转换到简单策略存在策略顺序困难效应。对称的策略转换成本中出现策略顺序困难效应,表明策略顺序困难效应与对称的策略转换成本可以共存。