西医东渐及其与中医的碰撞

在西医东渐过程中,中西两种医学的相遇及其关系涉及到社会、思想、文化因素.考察历史的过程中重点关注民国时期的"废止中医案",认为当前关于中医存废的争论是历史问题的延续,在很大程度上,中西医论争是外部因素推动的结果,而非根源于医疗实践.最终将中西医争论的问题引入到医学自身的进步上去.     

论进化心理学的“心理机制”

“心理机制”是进化心理学的核心概念。对这一概念的理解直接影响着对整个进化心理学理论的理解。该文尝试从心理学其它相关学科的角度,对这一概念的性质进行充分的解读与分析,同时也指出进化心理学“心理机制”理论之明显误区,并在此基础上对进化心理学价值之所在给予充分的彰显。     

工作需求控制支持压力模型及实证研究评析

工作需求控制支持(The job demand-control-support, JDCS)模型在工作压力研究领域是一个影响广泛的组织压力模型, 根据对于JDCS模型近30年的实证研究进行了综合和分析, 并从模型的适用性研究状况、模型的相关研究变量的探索、模型的发展三个方面进行了总结, 发现目前的JDCS模型的相关实证反映出其具有很好的解释力和适用性, 但是模型本身及根据模型开发的JCQ量表都需要后续研究的不断完善和发展。     

大脑视觉词形区及其在阅读神经网络中的作用

大脑梭状回中部被认为是视觉词形加工区(Visual Word Form Area, VWFA)。近年来的研究对VWFA的功能提出了质疑, 研究者开始关注VWFA作为复杂阅读网络的一部分与其它脑区的动态联结机制, 主要集中在三个方面：一是梭状回中部对于视觉词形选择性敏感的本质; 二是它在词汇阅读的神经网络中的作用; 最后是语言经验对于VWFA认知神经功能的塑造作用。结合以上研究的最新进展, 文中指明从动态神经网络的角度揭示大脑功能成为今后认知神经科学研究的最新取向。     

弥散张量成像在语言认知神经科学研究中的应用

人类的语言功能不仅仅基于以额叶、颞叶为代表的语言脑区灰质皮层的激活, 更重要的是基于这些脑区之间白质纤维束的连接。随着各种脑成像技术的逐渐成熟, 基于核磁共振的弥散张量成像技术在语言认知领域展现出越来越重要的作用。弥散张量成像在语言认知研究上的应用, 可以将其与行为测查、功能定位成像、功能连接、全脑网络等多种分析方法结合来共同研究语言认知, 进而从脑结构的角度来探究语言与脑的关系。     

心理学危机的实质与解决方案

人们曾在不同层面上讨论心理学的危机,而这种对危机认识的偏离本身又进一步加强了学科本身的分裂。在总结前人对危机认识的基础上,通过分析表明,心理学危机是心理学学科发展中自我同一性危机的表现,其实质在于心理学学科同一性的缺乏,而根源来自于心理学建立之初的理论基础。因此,心理学危机的解决有待于其学科同一性的确立,心理学学科的发展则有待于其学科同一性的展开。     

The relationship between family support; pain and depression in elderly with arthritis

The prevalence and chronic nature of arthritis make it the most common cause of disability among U.S.A adults. Family support reduces the negative impact of chronic conditions generally but its role in pain and depression for arthritic conditions is not well understood. A total of 844 males (35.0%) and 1567 females (65.0%) with arthritic conditions (n = 2411) were drawn from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study to examine the effect of family support on pain and depressive symptoms. Using regression analysis and controlling for age, ethnicity, gender, marital/educational status and employment/income, physical function/disability status, pain and antidepressant medications, and other clinical indicators of chronic health conditions, we examined the effects of family support (spouse, children, other) on pain and depression levels. Results indicated that depressive symptoms decreased significantly with strong family and spousal support (p < .05). Pain decreased as support levels increased, but was non-statistically significant. This study provides new insights into the relationship between family support, pain, and depression for individuals with arthritis. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate family support and relationships over a wider spectrum of demographics.     

Test of the technology acceptance model for a Web-based information system in a Hong Kong Chinese sample

The modified technology acceptance model was used to predict actual Blackboard usage (a web-based information system) in a sample of 57 Hong Kong student teachers whose mean age was 27.8 yr. (SD = 6.9). While the general form of the model was supported, Application-specific Self-efficacy was a more powerful predictor of system use than Behavioural Intention as predicted by the theory of reasoned action. Thus in this cultural and educational context, it has been shown that the model does not fully mediate the effect of Self-efficacy on System Use. Also, users' Enjoyment exerted considerable influence on the component variables of Usefulness and Ease of Use and on Application-specific Self-efficacy, thus indirectly influencing system usage. Consequently, efforts to gain students' acceptance and, therefore, use of information systems such as Blackboard must pay adequate attention to users' Self-efficacy and motivational variables such as Enjoyment.     

The role of self-enhancing evaluations in a successful life transition

The objective of the study was to investigate how self-enhancing evaluations, obtained via positive social comparisons and reflected appraisals, were related to mental health in a later life transition. The sample consisted of 266 women who were interviewed once before and 3 times after the experience of community relocation. Results extended prior findings suggesting the dynamic impact of self-enhancing evaluative processes on psychological well-being and depressive symptoms. Additional analyses showed evidence for reverse causality, that is, that mental health also influenced self-evaluative processes. This study underscores the significance of holding a positive view of self vis-à-vis others in negotiating life challenges as well as the reciprocal influence of well-being on social self-evaluative processes.     

复合伤的"复合效应"中线性与非线性的辩证关系

复合伤的“复合效应”是非线性观在医学研究领域中的一个范例。它不仅具有重要的实际价值,而且具有较高的理论意义。复合伤效应不是单纯的“加重效应”,而是“复合效应”,即可加重,不加重,以至减轻。复合伤的复合效应规律的基本特征和本质是非线性特征,而复合效应中线性与非线性特征的关系是辩证统一的。