A brief cognitive behavioural therapy psychoeducational group for Chinese people with chronic illnesses: an evaluation study

This pilot study attempted to examine the effectiveness of a brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) psychoeducational group for Chinese people with chronic illness in Hong Kong. It adopted a single group design, and 52 participants joined the group. A questionnaire with three outcome measures, measuring general mental health, quality of life and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs, was administered to participants at pre-test, post-test and six month follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs were employed and revealed positive changes in most of the outcome measures across the three time points. Cohen’s d showed a moderate to large effect size for most outcome measures. From a step care perspective, a culturally attuned brief CBT psychoeducational group may serve as an early intervention and a triage to attract suitable people with chronic illness to engage in the treatment process.     

汉语阅读障碍高危儿童的早期筛选

通过对309名平均年龄为3岁半的儿童(35～49个月)进行词汇、语素识别、句法、非词重复和看图说词5个任务的测试,探索了汉语阅读障碍高危儿童的早期筛选方法。结果显示高危儿童在所有任务上都显著落后于正常儿童;句法缺陷和语音缺陷所占比例最大;高危儿童存在的缺陷数量越多,则测验成绩越差。这一结果对汉语阅读障碍高危儿童的早期干预具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

急性心肌梗死中医治疗的两点策略——附临床资料回顾性分析

急性心肌梗死(AMI)是临床常见的急重症,现代医学已在循证医学基础上建立了诊疗指南,为临床诊治决策提供依据.相比而言.以辨证论治为特色的中医药缺乏循证依据.对AMI诊治过程中如何发挥中医药治疗的价值,认为不能停留在传统的概念上,应选择正确治疗策略,提高疗效.     

American Indian Youth: Personal,Familial, and Environmental Strengths

We present data from interviews with 401 youths on the relationship of personal, familial, and environmental strengths to the outcomes of urban and reservation American Indian youths. Urban youths consistently nominated more strengths than tribal youths, except in the area of tribal strengths. Quantitative data show how those strengths relate to their school success, daily functioning, mental health, and ethnic identity. Personal and familial strengths are related to positive school success and functioning. Environmental strengths demonstrate complex relationships in which tribal strengths are related to increased mental health problems and school strengths are related to fewer problems. The results of our study speak to the need to include multiple categories of different strengths in research and to focus on strengths as well as problems in clinical interventions.     

Actions Pour l’intégration Socioprofessionnelle Des Travailleurs Issus De L’immigration: La Valorisation Identitaire Comme Mode d’Accompagnement Spécifique

In industrialized countries, economic problems linked to the changing world and working habits potentially impact all workers; however, immigrant workers experience additional difficulties owing to their status as foreigners or as people of foreign origin. While these employment obstacles are varied, the problems are not absolute and do not affect all foreign job seekers with the same intensity. Moreover, various attitudes can be effective when faced with certain obstacles. We call them “bypassing strategies”: the behaviour of foreign job seekers trying to negotiate these obstacles. This article presents and discusses several cases of adult training and job seeker support initiatives from French-speaking Belgium; within a specific context, these experiences are based on the concept of “professional and identity development” of immigrant workers.     

家庭累积风险与青少年心理健康的关系——心理资本的补偿效应和调节效应

对1473名初、高中生进行问卷调查,考察家庭累积风险与青少年心理健康的关系以及心理资本的补偿效应和调节效应。结果发现：（1）家庭累积风险负向预测生活满意度,正向预测焦虑/抑郁;（2）心理资本正向预测生活满意度,负向预测焦虑/抑郁;（3）心理资本只能调节家庭累积风险与焦虑/抑郁的关系,表现为心理资本缓冲家庭累积风险对青少年焦虑/抑郁的不利影响。因此,改善家庭环境和培养心理资本是提升青少年心理健康的重要途径,需注意心理资本的培育对焦虑/抑郁和生活满意度作用的差异。     

不同阅读水平儿童的汉字字形输出与再认

实验采用与和选择任务,对比研究了不同阅读水平儿童在汉字字形输出和再认过程中的共同点和差异。结果发现：汉字声旁的规则必影响所有阅读水平儿童听写和听选择的正确和率错误率;阅读水平低的儿童阅读水平高的儿童产生更多的同音替代;与阅读水平高的儿童相比,阅读水平低的儿童更加需要线性的帮助。文章从心理词典结构和字词加工的角度探讨了这种差异的理论含义。     

Out of mind,out of sight? Investigating abnormal face scanning in autism spectrum disorder using gaze‐contingent paradigm

Diminished social motivation is hypothesized to explain abnormal face scanning pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially reduced eye‐looking time in ASDs than typically developing (TD) people. Here, we tested an alternative explanation that children with ASD may use a compensatory strategy to avoid direct eye contact by processing the eyes through peripheral vision. We compared the face scanning patterns of children with and without ASD in two conditions: in the clear condition, the face was completely visible; in the blur condition, by using the gaze‐contingent paradigm, the whole face was blurred except for a small region being fixated at, thus children could not rely on the peripheral information to process the eyes. We found that children with ASD fixated less on the eyes than TD children in both conditions. Temporal‐course analyses further revealed the possible motivation‐based guidance of attention to process the eyes in the TD group but not in the ASD group. Additionally, we found that children with ASD scanned faces more randomly and less strategically than TD children. These results have ruled out the alternative hypothesis that the abnormal face scanning pattern in ASDs was due to their compensatory strategy to process eyes through peripheral vision, furthering our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their abnormal face scanning.     

职场地位:多面性及其动态影响机制

职场地位是职场人士竞相争取的宝贵资源, 不仅有助于个体获得影响力, 改善个体的自我认知和行为表现, 而且能促进组织的有效运转。然而, 在组织管理领域的研究中, 职场地位并没有获得应有的“地位”。本研究拟基于4个时间点的纵向数据, 采用潜增长模型分析方法, 探讨职场地位随着时间推移的动态变化规律以及对员工态度和行为的动态影响机制, 并揭示职场地位双面性的形成机制。本研究不仅系统探讨职场地位的动态性、双面性等多面性特征, 而且为组织管理实践防范职场地位的阴暗面提供丰富的理论依据。