快慢读者利用语境信息的差异：加工深度的作用

通过主题扫描和阅读理解两种加工深度不同的任务,考察快慢读者预测性效应差异的来源及加工深度在其中发挥的作用。被试在两种任务情境下阅读分别包含高低预测性目标词的96个句子框架,记录其眼动轨迹。结果显示：预测性效应仅在阅读理解任务中出现,快速读者在早期眼动指标上就表现出了预测性效应,慢速读者在晚期眼动指标上才表现出预测性效应。结果表明：加工深度调节快慢读者预测性效应的大小;在自然阅读情境下快慢读者的预测性效应表现符合预测编码框架假设。     

关联理论视角下的医患交际

愈益紧张的医患关系不仅扰乱了正常的医疗诊治活动,而且已经严重影响了社会的稳定与和谐.因此,从不同的侧面探讨医患矛盾的成因及对策是当下最为紧迫的问题.本文立足于关联理论对医患交际进行初步的剖析,旨在从语用认知的角度为改善医患关系提供新的思路.     

心理病理学视野中的完美主义自我展示

完美主义自我展示是完美主义者在人际过程中为向他人展示自己非现实的、固定化的完美形象而进行的印象整饰过程。本文在简要阐述完美主义特征与澄清完美主义自我展示概念基础上,重点梳理和剖析了完美主义自我展示对抑郁、焦虑、社交恐惧、饮食障碍及人格障碍等常见心理病理现象的影响,并分析了其影响机制,最后,就深化该领域的研究提出了总结和展望。     

Pinning of grain boundary migration by a coherent particle

We studied single-particle pinning of grain boundary (GB) migration during grain growth. A phase-field model was formulated to simulate the pinning by a coherent particle and validated quantitatively by comparison with analytical prediction. A study of GB migration velocity using this model revealed that second-phase coherent particles have a previously unknown restraining effect over the whole of the GB-particle interaction range, which is qualitatively different from the interaction between GB and incoherent particles.     

Microwave-dielectric and magnetic properties of Ta-doped BiFeO3 nanopowders

BiFe_{1? x} Ta _x O₃ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) nanopowders have been fabricated by a simple sol–gel method. Dielectric measurements at microwave frequencies (2–18 GHz) were made using a vector network analyser. Without tantalum, the BiFeO₃ nanopowder presents a relaxation-like response with a characteristic frequency of 15 GHz, which can be associated with an overdamped process. The Ta-doped nanopowders, however, show resonant behaviour with resonant frequencies of 12.5 and 14.6 GHz. The intensity of the resonant peak near 14.6 GHz decreases with increasing Ta addition. This behaviour is associated with a damped resonance process. Room-temperature magnetic measurements indicate that the addition of Ta influences the magnetic properties of the BiFeO₃ nanopowders, with BiFe_0.95Ta_0.05O₃ having the strongest ferromagnetism with a saturation magnetisation M _s of about 0.05 µ_B/Fe. The origin of the enhanced ferromagnetism is possibly associated with the distortion of the oxygen octahedral by the Ta substitution or/and the statistical distribution of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺.     

医患交际中打断现象的社会语言学分析

言语打断是言语交际过程中的一个常见语言现象.不同类型的打断在整个会话语流中皆发挥了其独特的作用.在河北省三所三甲医院实地录音语料的基础上,从社会语言学角度分析医患交际中的打断现象,以期探求医患交际的结构及本质,为临床医患交际提供对策和建议.     

医患交际中打断现象的社会语言学分析

言语打断是言语交际过程中的一个常见语言现象。不同类型的打断在整个会话语流中皆发挥了其独特的作用。在河北省三所三甲医院实地录音语料的基础上,从社会语言学角度分析医患交际中的打断现象,以期探求医患交际的结构及本质,为临床医患交际提供对策和建议。     

Psychological contracts and innovative behavior: a moderated path analysis of work engagement and job resources

This study explored the relationships between psychological contract types and innovative behavior. We focused on the mediating effect of work engagement and the moderating effect of job resources (organizational and social resources). Participants were 267 dyads of research and development engineers and their supervisors from 30 high‐tech companies. Moderated path analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed that: (a) work engagement fully mediated the negative relationship between transactional contracts and innovative behavior; in addition, it also fully mediated the positive relationship between relational contracts and innovative behavior; and (b) job resources attenuated the former and strengthened the latter mediating effects. These findings contribute to understanding how, why, and when psychological contract types lead to innovative behavior via work engagement.     

决策中的过程追踪技术:介绍与展望

在过去50年的决策研究中,随着对核心问题的深入探索和信息技术的发展,决策过程信息得到了越来越多的重视.过程研究技术主要包括鼠标实验室技术、眼动技术及新提出的决策移窗技术.鼠标实验室技术和眼动技术已被用于解决多种决策问题.决策移窗技术结合了前两种技术的优势,其适用范围需在日后研究中进行更多探索.在未来的研究中,多种技术的结合使用将有助于回避单一技术的缺陷,分离研究方法对于被试行为的影响,提高研究效度.