Do we feel the same level of guilt about the wrongdoings of close ones and distant ones? The mediating role of behavioural control

Understanding whether and why individuals' emotional responses are different to the same behaviour performed by different others is important for understanding phenomena in social interaction. Given that there is no relevant research in Eastern culture testing such issues, the present research including two studies was conducted with Chinese samples and investigated whether Easterners experience more vicarious guilt about close ones' immoral behaviours than distant ones' immoral behaviours and the underlying mechanism of the effect. Study 1 showed that people felt more guilty when recalling close ones' misdeeds than distant ones' misdeeds. Study 2 replicated the findings of Study 1 using the scenario method and demonstrated that behavioural control partially mediated the effect of relationship closeness on vicarious guilt, that is, people reported more behavioural control over close ones' immoral behaviours, which in turn resulted in more vicarious guilt. Implications for social interaction and directions for future research are discussed.     

资本主义经济关系中的政治、哲学与伦理——以MEGA2中马克思文本为基础的阅读与理解

<正>政治学与经济学的结合并非始于马克思;19世纪初,随着资本主义经济的迅速发展,在英国和欧洲大陆产生了相当一批政治经济学家,他们尝试从原则①上去理解、认识和论证资本主义经济关系的产生、存在和发展。19世纪40年代中期,马克思的批判思路由哲学、法学、社会学逐渐转向政治经济学。这一方面是其自身思想发展的逻辑性结果:对异化劳动关系的实证性论证,只能从政治经济     

老年人房颤治疗方法的选择

老年人群房颤发病率高,缺血性脑卒中风险大,又是抗凝治疗导致出血的高危人群,因此要大胆地选择华法林抗凝治疗,并小心地严密监测INR值(1.6～2.5),严格控制其他出血危险因素.老年房颤心律失常的治疗重在个体化,重在改善症状,首选控制心室率;发作时血流动力学不稳定且药物不能满意地控制心室率时才选择复律治疗;症状明显而药物疗效欠佳患者可选择导管消融治疗.     

并发症内涵刍议

并发症概念的不明确,使得临床及司法实践中出现诸多问题,如部分医务人员注意力降低、医患矛盾升级,对医疗损害鉴定及判决产生了不利影响.应从疾病诊断和诊疗操作两方面理解并发症的内涵,明确并发症并不一定是医院的免责事由,并规范对这一概念的使用.     

ARDS:现状与挑战

ALI/ARDS是以难治性低氧性呼吸衰竭为主要临床特点的症候群,是重症医学最具挑战性的领域之一.近期其诊断标准更新为“柏林标准”;治疗方面除了常规机械通气策略之外,因潜在的降低病死率的作用,高频震荡通气(HFOV)、体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)的价值越来越受到重视,而大环内酯类抗生素和干细胞基因治疗则成为药物治疗的热点.根据现有趋势,相信未来ALI/ARDS的病死率将会随着研究的深入和新疗法的开展而逐渐降低.     

论医师说明义务的法律性质

厘清医师说明义务的内涵、性质能够使患者和医师明晰自己的权利和义务,有利于保护患者知情同意权.对于医师说明义务的法律性质,有主张医师的说明系患者有效同意之逻辑前提的“承诺无效说”;也有“医疗合同上的附随义务”的观点;还有认为其应是一项法定的注意义务.在对这些观点进行评析后提出此义务应是一项法定的合同义务.     

Confucian dynamism work values and team performance: A multiple‐level analysis

In this study we clarified the multiple‐level effects of Confucian‐related work values, including self‐discipline and interpersonal ethics, on the performance of individuals and the team. Empirical data of 70 work teams with 472 team members from Taiwanese enterprises were collected to test our hypotheses. Results showed that, at the group level, shared team values of interpersonal ethics were positively related to team performance through the partial mediation of team cooperation. For cross‐level effect, shared team values of interpersonal ethics and individual member's self‐discipline values were both positively related to individual performance. The implications of Confucian dynamism work values on contemporary organizational management and indigenous Chinese team theories were provided.     

Age effects on rotational hand action

We investigated age-related differences in finger coordination during rotational hand actions. Two hypotheses based on earlier studies were tested: higher safety margins and lower synergy indices were expected in the elderly. Young and elderly subjects held a handle instrumented with five six-component force sensors and performed discrete accurate pronation and supination movements. The weight of the system was counterbalanced with another load. Indices of synergies stabilizing salient performance variables, such as total normal force, total tangential force, moments produced by these forces, and total moment of force were computed at two levels of a hypothetical control hierarchy, at the virtual finger-thumb level and at the individual finger level. At each level, synergy indices reflected the normalized difference between the sum of the variances of elemental variables and variance of their combined output, both computed at comparable phases over repetitive trials. The elderly group performed the task slower and showed lower safety margins for the thumb during the rotation phase. Overall, the synergy indices were not lower in the elderly group. In several cases, these indices were significantly higher in the elderly than in the younger participants. Hence, both main hypotheses have been falsified. We interpret the unexpectedly low safety margins in the elderly as resulting from several factors such as increased force variability, impaired feed-forward control, and the fact that there was no danger of dropping the object. Our results suggest that in some natural tasks, such as the one used in this study, healthy elderly persons show no impairment, as compared to younger persons, in their ability to organize digits into synergies stabilizing salient performance variables.     

Entrepreneurship,professionalism, leadership: A framework and measure for understanding boundaryless careers

We propose a person-centered framework for conceptualizing subjective careers in an increasingly boundaryless work context. Specifically, we argue that entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership (EPL) can serve as three key dimensions of subjective career space. We relate this framework to earlier macro-level national and organizational career models proposed by Kanter (1989) and Schein (1978). Our empirical study involving 10,326 Singaporean university students demonstrated that entrepreneurial, professional, and leadership career aspirations (including motivations, efficacies, and intentions) can be measured independently, that these career dimensions are independent of vocational interests, and that they are to some degree viewed as competing career alternatives. We also show that EPL motivation profiles can operationalize the boundaryless and protean career concepts. Individuals concurrently high in entrepreneurial, professional, and leadership career motivations, and those high in entrepreneurial and leadership motivations are highest in boundaryless and self-directed career attitudes, while those primarily motivated for professional careers hold the most traditional career attitudes. We conclude by discussing the potential of the framework for understanding human resource issues at organizational and national levels and for enhancing the study of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership.