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981.
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a recently recognised syndrome of epilepsy in which the principle manifestation of seizures is recurrent episodes of isolated memory loss. In this article, we describe the clinical and cognitive profile of this emerging syndrome, and present new data that provide at most weak support for its proposed relationship to cerebrovascular disease. TEA is often associated with two unusual forms of interictal memory impairment: accelerated long-term forgetting and remote memory impairment. We discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of these relatively novel cognitive deficits. 相似文献
982.
Three experiments explored whether hierarchical role and body posture have independent or interactive effects on the main outcomes associated with power: action in behavior and abstraction in thought. Although past research has found that being in a powerful role and adopting an expansive body posture can each enhance a sense of power, two experiments showed that when individuals were placed in high- or low-power roles while adopting an expansive or constricted posture, only posture affected the implicit activation of power, the taking of action, and abstraction. However, even though role had a smaller effect on the downstream consequences of power, it had a stronger effect than posture on self-reported sense of power. A final experiment found that posture also had a larger effect on action than recalling an experience of high or low power. We discuss body postures as one of the most proximate correlates of the manifestations of power. 相似文献
983.
A widely held view in linguistics and psycholinguistics is that there are distinct levels of processing for context-independent and context-specific representations of sound structure. Recently, this view has been disputed, in part because of the absence of clear evidence that there are abstract mental representations of discrete sound-structure units. Here, we present novel evidence that separate context-independent and context-specific representations of sound structure are supported by distinct brain mechanisms that can be selectively impaired in individuals with acquired brain deficits. Acoustic data from /s/-deletion errors of 2 aphasic speakers suggest both a phonological level of processing at which sound representations (e.g., /p/) do not specify context-specific detail (e.g., aspirated or unaspirated) and a distinct level at which context-specific information is represented. These data help constrain accounts of sound-structure processing in word production and crucially support the claim that context-independent linguistic information affects language production. 相似文献
984.
Online contract labor portals (i.e., crowdsourcing) have recently emerged as attractive alternatives to university participant
pools for the purposes of collecting survey data for behavioral research. However, prior research has not provided a thorough
examination of crowdsourced data for organizational psychology research. We found that, as compared with a traditional university
participant pool, crowdsourcing respondents were older, were more ethnically diverse, and had more work experience. Additionally,
the reliability of the data from the crowdsourcing sample was as good as or better than the corresponding university sample.
Moreover, measurement invariance generally held across these groups. We conclude that the use of these labor portals is an
efficient and appropriate alternative to a university participant pool, despite small differences in personality and socially
desirable responding across the samples. The risks and advantages of crowdsourcing are outlined, and an overview of practical
and ethical guidelines is provided. 相似文献
985.
Gosling SD Augustine AA Vazire S Holtzman N Gaddis S 《Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking》2011,14(9):483-488
Despite the enormous popularity of Online Social Networking sites (OSNs; e.g., Facebook and Myspace), little research in psychology has been done on them. Two studies examining how personality is reflected in OSNs revealed several connections between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported Facebook-related behaviors and observable profile information. For example, extraversion predicted not only frequency of Facebook usage (Study 1), but also engagement in the site, with extraverts (vs. introverts) showing traces of higher levels of Facebook activity (Study 2). As in offline contexts, extraverts seek out virtual social engagement, which leaves behind a behavioral residue in the form of friends lists and picture postings. Results suggest that, rather than escaping from or compensating for their offline personality, OSN users appear to extend their offline personalities into the domains of OSNs. 相似文献
986.
Adam Krawitz Rena Fukunaga Joshua W. Brown 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(3):392-405
The neural mechanisms underlying the influence of persuasive messages on decision making are largely unknown. We address this
issue using event-related fMRI to investigate how informative messages alter risk appraisal during choice. Participants performed
the Iowa Gambling Task while viewing a positively framed, negatively framed, or control message about the options. The right
anterior insula correlated with improvement in choice behavior due to the positively framed but not the negatively framed
message. With the positively framed message, there was increased activation proportional to message effectiveness when less-preferred
options were chosen, consistent with a role in the prediction of adverse outcomes. In addition, the dorsomedial and the left
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex correlated with overall decision quality, regardless of message type. The dorsomedial region
mediated the relationship between the right anterior insula and decision quality with the positively framed messages. These
findings suggest a network of frontal brain regions that integrate informative messages into the evaluation of options during
decision making. Supplemental procedures and results for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
987.
Adam Eldridge 《Emotion, Space and Society》2010,3(1):40-44
This paper emerged from a three year study investigating the experience and management of Britain's night-time economy. In focus groups and interviews respondents spoke of their concern about uncivil behaviours on the streets after dark. Using public urination as one example of late-night incivility, I explore what it means to research a topic that circulates such themes as disgust, intimacy, and civility. However, in this paper I am not so much interested in the rights and wrongs of urinating in public, as in the discursive tensions that frame this topic, tensions which act to separate us along axes of moral/immoral, clean/dirty, male/female. In reference to the work of photographer Ellen Jong, who has photographed herself publicly urinating across various landscapes, the discussion turns to the notion of interest and disgust as ways of figuring the connections and disconnections that urinating in public elicits. 相似文献
988.
Previous research has demonstrated an advantage for the preparation of fingers on one hand over the preparation of fingers on two hands, and for the preparation of homologous fingers over that of non-homologous fingers. In the present study, we extended the precuing effects observed with finger responses to response selection under free-choice conditions. Participants were required to choose from a range of possible responses following the presentation of a precue that indicated which response to prepare (go-to precue) or prevent (no-go-to precue). In Experiment 1 the choice was between homologous and non-homologous finger responses on the hand opposite to the precue while in Experiment 2 the choice was between finger responses on the same or different hand to the precue. In the go-to precue condition, the frequency of homologous finger choices was more frequent than non-homologous finger responses. Similarly, participants chose finger responses on the same hand as the precue regardless of whether they were instructed to prepare or prevent the precued response. The hand effect bias was stronger than the finger effect bias. These findings are consistent with the Grouping Model (Adam, Hommel, & Umilta, 2003). 相似文献
989.
Yexin Jessica Li Adam B. Cohen Jason Weeden Douglas T. Kenrick 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(2):428-431
It has been presumed that religiosity has an influence on mating behavior, but here we experimentally investigate the possibility that mating behavior might also influence religiosity. In Experiment 1, people reported higher religiosity after looking at mating pools consisting of attractive people of their own sex compared to attractive opposite sex targets. Experiment 2 replicated the effect with an added control group, and suggested that both men and women become more religious when seeing same-sex competitors. We discuss several possible explanations for these effects. Most broadly, the findings contribute to an emerging literature on how cultural phenomena such as religiosity respond to ecological cues in potentially functional ways. 相似文献
990.
Psychological research and theory are inherently political and social practices. As such, these authors assert that social
justice must be a primary concern of the psychological sciences. In case study format, the authors use the exceptional lives
and works of continental philosopher Emmanuel Levinas and social psychologist Ignacio Martín-Baró to exemplify the recognition
that justice must be centrally infused into psychological thought and practice. The life and work of philosopher Levinas is
characterized by a concern for how Western philosophy has funded constructs of selfhood and identity that have created moral
anemia and hampered our responsibility to others. Martín-Baró, a prominent Latin American researcher and educator, found research
to be a powerful tool to expose oppressive social systems and widespread deception in an effort to end unjust practices, thereby
affecting social change. Biographical material and details concerning their systems of research and thought will be used to
illustrate what it means to engage in morally-just research and theorizing within the field of psychology. 相似文献