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971.
Adam J. Strang Benjamin A. Knott Gregory J. Funke Sheldon M. Russell Brent T. Miller Allen W. Dukes 《Military psychology》2013,25(4):390-409
Team communication is critical for Air Battle Management (ABM). In this study, two communication tools (text chat and electronic whiteboard) and two team resource aids (tabular and graphical displays) were introduced during simulated ABM to supplement radio communication. Results showed that combined chat and virtual whiteboard improved team performance, decreased number and duration of radio transmissions, but had mixed effects on workload. In addition, the graphical resource display improved team performance, decreased number and duration of radio transmissions, and reduced workload compared to the tabular display. These findings indicate that collaboration technologies introduced in this experiment may benefit military operations. 相似文献
972.
973.
Research on the lateralisation of brain functions for emotion has yielded different results as a function of whether it is the experience, expression, or perceptual processing of emotion that is examined. Further, for the perception of emotion there appear to be differences between the processing of verbal and nonverbal stimuli. The present research examined the hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of verbal stimuli varying in emotional valence. Participants performed a lexical decision task for words varying in affective valence (but equated in terms of arousal) that were presented briefly to the right or left visual field. Participants were significantly faster at recognising positive words presented to the right visual field/left hemisphere. This pattern did not occur for negative words (and was reversed for high arousal negative words). These results suggest that the processing of verbal stimuli varying in emotional valence tends to parallel hemispheric asymmetry in the experience of emotion. 相似文献
974.
The vigilance–avoidance hypothesis suggests that socially anxious individuals attempt to detect signs that they are being evaluated (vigilance) and subsequently direct attention away from such stimuli (avoidance). Although extensive evidence supports vigilance, data concerning subsequent avoidance is equivocal. Drawing from models of attention, the current study hypothesised that working memory load moderates late attentional bias in social anxiety such that avoidance occurs if working memory load is low, and difficulty disengaging attention occurs if working memory load is high. Forty-one undergraduates (19 socially anxious; 22 non-anxious controls) completed a dot-probe task with emotional (happy and disgust) and neutral facial expressions and a concurrent n-back task. Results supported the hypothesis such that socially anxious subjects demonstrated avoidance of disgust faces when working memory load was absent, but had difficulty disengaging attention during high working memory load. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
975.
Nilly Mor Leah D. Doane Emma K. Adam Susan Mineka Richard E. Zinbarg James W. Griffith 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):48-62
This study examined within-person co-occurrence of self-focus, negative affect, and stress in a community sample of adolescents with or without emotional disorders. As part of a larger study, 278 adolescents were interviewed about emotional disorders. Later, they completed diary measures over three days, six times a day, reporting their current thoughts, affect, and levels of stress. Negative affect was independently related to both concurrent stress and self-focus. Importantly, the association between negative affect and self-focus was stronger among participants with a recent unipolar mood disorder, compared to those with an anxiety disorder, comorbid anxiety and depression, or those without an emotional disorder. The implications of these findings to theories of self-focus and its role in emotional disorders are discussed. 相似文献
976.
The mnemonic benefit of rating words according to their relevance in a survival scenario is well documented (e.g., Nairne,
Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). The present study examined whether the survival processing effect would extend to face stimuli. We tested this hypothesis
in five experiments, using multiple survival and control scenarios, real and computer-generated face sets, within- and between-subjects
designs, and several memory tests, as well as free recall of survival-relevant and survival-neutral attribute statements written
about the person. Although the standard survival processing effect was obtained for survival-relevant and neutral attribute
statements, the survival processing effect was not obtained for face memory across all experiments. These results identify
an important boundary condition for survival processing benefits. 相似文献
977.
Nation M Bess K Voight A Perkins DD Juarez P 《American journal of community psychology》2011,48(1-2):89-96
Previous research indicates that communities can be engaged at various levels in research to reduce youth violence. In this paper, we argue that the method of power sharing among partners is a central factor distinguishing different levels of engagement. Using cases from the Nashville Urban Partnership Academic Center of Excellence, we identify community initiation and community collaboration as distinct approaches to community engaged violence prevention research. The power relationships among partners are analyzed to highlight differences in the types of engagement and to discuss implications for establishing and sustaining community partnerships. Also, the implications of levels of engagement for promoting the use of evidence-based practices are discussed. 相似文献
978.
Marci R. Culley Adam D. Carton Scott R. Weaver Emma Ogley-Oliver Jalika C. Street 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(3):215-233
Current energy debates are often framed in terms of the extent to which energy sources may mitigate global climate change
(GCC) and facilitate energy independence (EI). However, little is understood about whether and how attitudes towards GCC and
EI influence attitudes toward energy sources. Our study included 277 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology
classes at a large, Southeastern university. As hypothesized, results from ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses
revealed that the likelihood participants would support the use of solar, wind, coal or nuclear energy decreased as a function
of their belief that an energy source contributed to GCC. The belief that an energy source contributed to EI increased participants’
likelihood of support. Results suggest that beliefs about GCC and EI are important to determining support for energy sources
and will likely contribute to effective marketing strategies and efforts to implement more environmentally-sustainable behavior
and energy policy. 相似文献
979.
Theory-of-mind reasoning may require inhibitory processing, a view for which we provide new, more direct, evidence. Our research capitalizes on the lingering property of inhibition: After a response is inhibited, it temporarily becomes more difficult to select than uninhibited responses. In two experiments, 3-year-olds predicted to which of three buckets a girl would go, given a desire to avoid one (e.g., the red one). When next predicting where a boy would play, children were biased against the location the girl had avoided. However, predictions for the boy were unbiased when not preceded by predictions for the girl. These findings suggest that preschoolers predict behavior based on avoidance desires by inhibiting the target to be avoided, as well as that the inhibition lingers, reducing the target's accessibility for subsequent predictions. 相似文献
980.
Many decisions involve a degree of personal control over event outcomes, which is exerted through one's knowledge or skill. In three experiments we investigated differences in decision making between prospects based on a) the outcome of random events and b) the outcome of events characterized by control. In Experiment 1, participants estimated certainty equivalents (CEs) for bets based on either random events or the correctness of their answers to U.S. state population questions across the probability spectrum. In Experiment 2, participants estimated CEs for bets based on random events, answers to U.S. state population questions, or answers to questions about 2007 NCAA football game results. Experiment 3 extended the same procedure as Experiment 1 using a within-subjects design. We modeled data from all experiments in a prospect theory framework to establish psychological mechanisms underlying decision behavior. Participants weighted the probabilities associated with bets characterized by control so as to reflect greater risk attractiveness relative to bets based on random events, as evidenced by more elevated weighting functions under conditions of control. This research elucidates possible cognitive mechanisms behind increased risk taking for decisions characterized by control, and implications for various literatures are discussed. 相似文献