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141.
Gertrude J. Williams Ruth Monder Joseph F. Rychlak 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(6):30-33
A study was conducted of one year's referrals to a Juvenile Court Clinic, comparing the ratings of psychiatrists and social workers regarding a child's prognosis for psychotherapy with ratings from the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale (RPRS). The RPRS proved to be highly reliable and to correlate significantly with psychiatric ratings. Intelligence did not appear to be a confounding factor, and no difference was suggested in RPRS prognosis for Caucasian or Negro subjects. 相似文献
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Eva Ruth Balken 《The Journal of psychology》2013,147(2):153-176
Seventy-two five- to seven-year-old boys were exposed to televised adult models and were then administered tests of resistance to deviation (moral behavior), moral choice, and moral judgment level. Boys exposed to a model who said he would resist deviating from a prohibition and who supported his statement with a morally realistic justification were subsequently more likely to use that model's statements to guide their own moral behavior and moral choice than were boys exposed to a model advocating resistance to deviation with a morally autonomous justification. Realistic models expressing a deviating moral choice led to more deviating moral choices in observers than did autonomous deviating models. The moral judgment levels of the boys were not significantly affected by the models. The boys' moral behavior was predictive of their moral choice while moral judgment level was not significantly related to the other two indices of morality. 相似文献
144.
Ruth Mei-tai Fan H.L. Wagner Antony S.R. Manstead 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(1-2):83-96
Anchoring in judgments is the tendency for the final judgment to be biased toward the initial estimate through insufficient adjustment. In the context of the detection of deception, it has been used to explain phenomena such as negative absolute leakage and the truthfulness bias. We examined the influence of order of judgment type on attitude ratings, accuracy, and the truthfulness bias. Receivers of communications should tend to anchor their judgments on the sender's attitudinal position if asked to make attitude judgments first and on the sender's behavior if asked to make truthfulness judgments first. The results partly support these predictions. Negative absolute leakage, accuracy, and the truthfulness bias were not significantly different for those who made attitude judgments before truthfulness judgments. However, results show that accuracy decreased as the session continued and there was no difference in the confidence with which truth and deception judgments were made, but there was a positive relation between confidence and truthfulness bias. 相似文献
145.
In this paper we describe psychotherapeutic work carried out in a paediatric hospital to illustrate the important contribution of a psychoanalytically-oriented approach in a hospital context. The work concerns an adolescent boy who had undergone several surgical operations with the result that some of his natural orifices were obstructed and artificial ones had to be created. He was referred to us because he refused pharmacological and rehabilitative treatment necessary prior to further surgery and his eventual recovery. The boy's experience of loss of control of his life and the more primitive anxieties of not feeling safely contained in his physical and psychic skin emerged and were worked through in the psychotherapeutic relationship. The parallel work with medical staff reduced the risk of splitting and acting out by the patient and professionals. The approach adopted enabled this boy to resume his medical treatment and his developmental process. 相似文献
146.
Ruth S. Ogden 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(7):1292-1304
Previous research suggests that feelings of fear, dislike, shame and sadness affect our perception of duration (Droit-Volet et al., 2004; Gil et al., 2009). The current study sought to expand our understanding of the variables which moderate temporal perception by examining whether the attractiveness of a face influenced its perceived duration. Participants completed a verbal estimation task in which they judged the duration of attractive, unattractive and neutral faces. The results showed that participants underestimated the duration of unattractive faces relative to attractive and neutral faces. Estimates of unattractive faces were also less accurate than those of the attractive and neutral faces. The results are consistent with Gil et al.'s (2009) suggestion that the duration of disliked stimuli are underestimated relative to liked and neutral stimuli because they detract attention from temporal perception. Analysis of the slope and intercept of the estimation gradients supports Zakay and Block's (1997) suggestion that reduced attention to time results in a multiplicative underestimation of duration. 相似文献
147.
Sonya K. Sterba Ruth E. Baldasaro Daniel J. Bauer 《Multivariate behavioral research》2013,48(4):590-634
Psychologists have long been interested in characterizing individual differences in change over time. It is often plausible to assume that the distribution of these individual differences is continuous in nature, yet theory is seldom so specific as to designate its parametric form (e.g., normal). Semiparametric groups-based trajectory models (SPGMs) were thus developed to provide a discrete approximation for continuously distributed growth of unknown form. Previous research has demonstrated the adequacy of the approximation provided by SPGM but only under relatively narrow, theoretically optimal conditions. Under alternative conditions, which may be more common in practice (e.g., higher dimension random effects, smaller sample sizes), this study shows that approximation adequacy can suffer. Furthermore, this study also evaluates whether SPGM's discrete approximation is preferable to a parametric trajectory model that assumes normally distributed random effects when in fact the distribution is modestly nonnormal. The answer is shown to depend on distributional characteristics of both repeated measures (binary or continuous) and random effects (bimodal or skewed). Implications for practice are discussed in light of empirical examples on externalizing behavior. 相似文献
148.
Naomi Ruth Lowinsky 《Psychological Perspectives》2013,56(2):212-232
Serious illness puts us in touch with an acute sense of our own vulnerability and mortality. Loss of ego identity creates an urgent longing to find meaning within the experience of illness or impending death. Inspired by his own near-death experiences in later life, Jung wrote about the goal of the second half of life: “to be ready to die with life.” This article reflects upon three individuals’ stories illustrating how palliative care embraces the needs of the whole person and prepares individuals to participate consciously in their final journey in life. This interprofessional model of care can help individuals and their loved ones experience the highest quality of life possible and bring completion to life's relationships. These stories demonstrate a synergy between Jung's beliefs regarding the goal of the second half of life and the soul work necessary for healing, wholeness, and individuation. 相似文献
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