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921.
Frank Masterpasqua Bernard J. Shuman Ruth Gonzalez Lucy Toro O'shea 《Infant mental health journal》1980,1(2):108-115
A program of early psychosocial support for low-income parents and infants was established at an inner-city family health center. Such a program meets many of the criteria of successful early psychological intervention by (1) beginning during the prenatal period and extending through the first 3 years of life, (2) providing professional and peer support to the parent-infant system, (3) responding to the social as well as psychological needs of low-income parents, and (4) embedding preventive intervention into an accessible neighborhood setting. 相似文献
922.
In the present article, functions written in the freeware R are presented that calculate several measures from traditional
signal detection theory for each individual in a sample, along with summary statistics for the sample. Bias-corrected and
accelerated bootstrap confidence intervals are also produced. Arguments are made for using an alternative approach—multilevel
generalized linear models—and a function is presented for it. These functions are part of the R package sdtalt, which is available
on the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Recent data from memory recognition studies are used to illustrate these functions. 相似文献
923.
In the context of global processes of economic restructuring, the HIV and AIDS epidemic and socio-cultural constructions of care, many women and young people in low-income households have been drawn into caring roles within the family. Drawing on the literature on an ethics of care, emotional geographies and embodiment, this paper examines the emotional dynamics of the caring process in families affected by HIV and AIDS. Based on the perspectives of both ‘caregivers’ and ‘care-receivers’ from research undertaken in Namibia, Tanzania and the UK, we examine the everyday practices of care that women and young people are engaged in and explore how emotions are performed and managed in caring relationships. Our research suggests caregivers play a crucial role in providing emotional support and reassurance to people with HIV, which in turn often affects caregivers' emotional and physical wellbeing. Within environments where emotional expression is restricted and HIV is heavily stigmatised, caregivers and care-receivers seek to regulate their emotions in order to protect family members from the emotional impacts of a chronic, life-limiting illness. However, whilst caregiving and receiving may lead to close emotional connections and a high level of responsiveness, the intensity of intimate caring relationships, isolation and lack of access to adequate resources can cause tensions and contradictory feelings that may be difficult to manage. These conflicts can severely constrain carers' ability to provide the ‘good care’ that integrates the key ethical phases in Tronto's (1993) ideal of the caring process. 相似文献
924.
Accuracy of metamemory for text was compared for multiple‐choice, essay and recall tests. Essay and recall tests were scored with Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), number of correct idea units and number of word matches. Each measure was correlated with college students' predictions and posttest confidence judgments across texts to determine metamemory accuracy. Metamemory accuracy varied for different types of tests with multiple‐choice tests generally producing greater accuracy than essay tests. However, metamemory accuracy for essay and recall tests depended on the measure used to score them. Number of correct idea units produced the highest metamemory accuracy, word matches produced an intermediate level, and LSA produced the lowest accuracy. Students used the quantity of output in their judgments, so performance measures that related most strongly to quantity matched judgments better than measures based on answer quality. The results are compatible with an accessibility account of judgments about performance on text. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
925.
Automatic stereotypes and emotional state can affect cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory. Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether anxiety and stereotypes of Middle Easterners influence attention and recognition memory in White participants. A dot‐probe procedure was used, with White and Middle Eastern faces as stimuli. The results showed that anxious participants who were exposed to terrorism‐related words showed a visual bias toward Middle Eastern faces, and were more accurate at recognizing both White and Middle Eastern faces. Non‐anxious participants, after exposure to the same primes, showed an attentional bias toward the White faces. Overall, participants were more accurate at recognizing the White faces than the Middle Eastern faces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
926.
Ruth Amossy 《Argumentation》2009,23(3):313-324
This paper aims at showing how the New Rhetoric’s insights allow for an integration of argumentation studies in linguistic
investigation, and more specifically in discourse analysis. Claiming that argumentativity is a constitutive feature of discourse,
it endeavors to explore logos as both reason and language by analyzing patterns of reasoning in their discursive actualization. In this approach, the attempt
at influencing the audience’s representations is analyzed in the complexity of a discourse explored in its formal and socio-institutional
dimensions.
相似文献
Ruth AmossyEmail: URL: http://www.tau.ac.il/~adarr |
927.
Delia B. Ben Chaabane Sheila R. Alber‐Morgan Ruth M. DeBar 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):671-677
The present study examined the extent to which mothers were able to train their children, 2 boys with autism, to exchange novel pictures to request items using the picture exchange communication system (PECS). Generalization probes assessing each child's ability to mand for untrained items were conducted throughout conditions. Using a multiple baseline design, results demonstrated that both children improvised by using alternative symbols when the corresponding symbol was unavailable across all symbol categories (colors, shapes, and functions) and that parents can teach their children to use novel pictorial response forms. 相似文献
928.
Christie L. McGee Olivia A. Bjorkquist Joseph M. Price Sarah N. Mattson Edward P. Riley 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):817-830
Based on caregiver report, children with prenatal alcohol exposure have difficulty with social functioning, but little is
known about their social cognition. The current study assessed the social information processing patterns of school-age children
with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure using a paradigm based on Crick and Dodge’s reformulated six-stage model. Fifty-two children
(aged 7–11) with and without heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were tested using a structured interview measure of social information
processing involving 18 videotaped vignettes of children in group entry and provocation situations. Alcohol-exposed children
displayed maladaptive processing patterns on the goal, response generation, and response evaluation steps in group entry situations,
and encoding, attribution, response evaluation, and enactment steps during provocation situations. Children with heavy prenatal
alcohol exposure also had difficulty on the Test of Problem Solving, and performance correlated with social information processing
measures. Such difficulties may lead to problems in social functioning and warrant early intervention. 相似文献
929.
Daniela P. Ligiéro Ruth Fassinger Moira McCauley Jessica Moore Nina Lyytinen 《Psychology of women quarterly》2009,33(1):67-80
The purpose of this study was to articulate a model of how Latinas cope with childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and the ways in which personal and cultural variables influence their coping strategies. Nine women who identified as Latina and as survivors of CSA participated in an in-depth interview. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. Results suggested that participants' coping efforts were influenced by a variety of cultural factors and that they engaged in a wide range of coping behaviors, all of which served two main functions: (1) seeking relief from negative emotions and (2) protecting one's self from further abuse. 相似文献
930.
Perceived heaviness of wielded objects has been shown to be a function of the objects’ rotational inertia—the objects’ resistance
to rotational acceleration. Studies have also demonstrated that if virtual objects rotate faster than the actual wielded object
(i.e., a rotational gain is applied to virtual object motion), the wielded object is perceived as systematically lighter.
The present research determined whether combining those inertial and visual manipulations would influence heaviness perception
in a manner consistent with an inertial model of multimodal heaviness perception. Rotational inertia and optical rotational
gain of wielded objects were manipulated to specify inertia multimodally. Both visual and haptic manipulations significantly
influenced perceived heaviness. The results suggest that rotational inertia is detected multimodally and that multimodal heaviness
perception conforms to an inertial model. 相似文献