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911.
912.
In daily experience, children have access to a variety of cues to others’ emotions, including face, voice, and body posture. Determining which cues they use at which ages will help to reveal how the ability to recognize emotions develops. For happiness, sadness, anger, and fear, preschoolers (3-5 years, N = 144) were asked to label the emotion conveyed by dynamic cues in four cue conditions. The Face-only, Body Posture-only, and Multi-cue (face, body, and voice) conditions all were well recognized (M > 70%). In the Voice-only condition, recognition of sadness was high (72%), but recognition of the three other emotions was significantly lower (34%). 相似文献
913.
Using the construct of brand personality to measure automobile and soft drink personalities, two studies represented self‐congruity by combining brands and the self‐image into Pathfinder associative networks (Schvaneveldt et al., 1989 ). Self‐congruity, the number of links between the self and each brand, was predictive of preference and ideal brand. Because brand personality and self‐image are knowledge structures, and facets of brand personality also describe the self, self‐congruity can be represented and measured in networks. This approach could be helpful to marketers studying how the self is related to each brand and how brands interrelate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
914.
Prior research suggested that pride is recognized only when a head and facial expression (e.g., tilted head with a slight smile) is combined with a postural expression (e.g., expanded body and arm gestures). However, these studies used static photographs. In the present research, participants labeled the emotion conveyed by four dynamic cues to pride, presented as video clips: head and face alone, body posture alone, voice alone, and an expression in which head and face, body posture, and voice were presented simultaneously. Participants attributed pride to the head and face alone, even when postural or vocal information was absent. Pride can be conveyed without body posture or voice. 相似文献
915.
916.
917.
Subjective Well-Being of Beijing Taxi Drivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigates subjective well-being among a sample of Beijing taxi drivers in the lead up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games using the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI). The specific aims of this study are (a) investigate the psychometric properties
of the PWI in this unique population; (b) ascertain whether Beijing taxi drivers are satisfied with their lives; and (c) examine
whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the narrow range predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing
Homeostasis’. The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties and was consistent with previous studies for Western and non-Western
samples. The data revealed a moderate level of subjective well-being (PWI score = 61.1). While Beijing taxi drivers work long
hours for low wages, the PWI was nonetheless within the normative range predicted for Chinese societies by the ‘Theory of
Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. The results suggest that the homeostatic mechanism is fairly resilient, even when the individual
leads relatively a hard life based on objective indicators. Specifically, for Beijing taxi drivers, it appears that external,
buffers such as personal relationships and feeling part of the community, act to assist the homeostatic system. 相似文献
918.
Many studies have shown that apes and monkeys are adept at cross-modal matching tasks requiring the subject to identify objects
in one modality when information regarding those objects has been presented in a different modality. However, much less is
known about non-human primates’ production of multimodal signaling in communicative contexts. Here, we present evidence from
a study of 110 chimpanzees demonstrating that they select the modality of communication in accordance with variations in the
attentional focus of a human interactant, which is consistent with previous research. In each trial, we presented desirable
food to one of two chimpanzees, turning mid-way through the trial from facing one chimpanzee to facing the other chimpanzee,
and documented their communicative displays, as the experimenter turned towards or away from the subjects. These chimpanzees
varied their signals within a context-appropriate modality, displaying a range of different visual signals when a human experimenter
was facing them and a range of different auditory or tactile (attention-getting) signals when the human was facing away from
them; this finding extends previous research on multimodal signaling in this species. Thus, in the impoverished circumstances
characteristic of captivity, complex signaling tactics are nevertheless exhibited by chimpanzees, suggesting continuity in
intersubjective psychological processes in humans and apes. 相似文献
919.
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) has become a common procedure in educational and psychological research. In the course of
performing an EFA, researchers often base the decision of how many factors to retain on the eigenvalues for the factors. However,
many researchers do not realize that eigenvalues, like all sample statistics, are subject to sampling error, which means that
confidence intervals (CIs) can be estimated for each eigenvalue. In the present article, we demonstrate two methods of estimating
CIs for eigenvalues: one based on the mathematical properties of the central limit theorem, and the other based on bootstrapping.
References to appropriate SAS and SPSS syntax are included. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from
http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
920.
This study investigates the manner in which people separate their work and family roles and how they manage the boundaries of these two important roles. Specifically, we focus on how role flexibility and salience influence transitions between roles. Results indicate that the ability and willingness to flex a role boundary and role salience are important predictors of transitions between roles. The joint effects of role flexibility and salience on transitions provided interesting results regarding the importance of role boundary flexibility and of the increasing importance attached to the family role. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and implications are discussed. 相似文献