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221.
Routine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be time consuming and burdensome for a person with stroke.
Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument for assessing HRQoL among people with stroke. The
Quality of Life after Stroke Scale (QLASS) was constructed from items within the Quality of Life Index-Stroke Version and
the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire. It was administered to 92 people with stroke at three points in time: immediately
after discharge from hospital, 6 months and 12 months later. Results suggest that the QLASS has 19 items which represent three
factors: emotional functioning, mastery and fatigue which correlate with valid measures of health status and activities of
daily living. The QLASS is proposed as a brief, valid HRQoL tool for use among people with stroke. 相似文献
222.
Over the last 20 years psychotherapy and family therapy have been inundated with a plethora of empirically validated treatments for particular disorders. That trend will increase. Psychotherapists will increasingly be exhorted and ultimately required to integrate empirical data and multicultural competence into their practice. Additionally, individual psychotherapy's default dominance of psychotherapeutic discourse needs to integrate and come to theoretical and clinical terms with the implications of the growing body of research demonstrating the validity and value of a multisystemic perspective. This article (and its companion article) presents a comprehensive, integrative, multisystemic, and empirically informed psychotherapeutic perspective to help therapists and psychotherapy trainers successfully address these challenges-Integrative Problem Centered Metaframeworks (IPCM) Therapy. This first article presents and illustrates IPCM's theoretical foundation, core concepts, and "case formulating" components. It delineates a Blueprint for the practice and teaching of 21st century psychotherapists who can meld science and art into best practice. 相似文献
223.
Rispoli M O'Reilly M Lang R Machalicek W Davis T Lancioni G Sigafoos J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(1):187-192
The current study examined the effects of motivating operations on problem behavior and academic engagement for 2 students with autism. Classroom sessions were preceded by periods in which the participants had access or no access to the items functionally related to their problem behavior. Results suggested that presession access may result in lower levels of problem behavior and higher levels of academic engagement during classroom instruction. 相似文献
224.
Lang R Regester A Mulloy A Rispoli M Botout A 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(3):623-628
We evaluated a behavioral intervention for a 9-year-old girl with selective mutism. The intervention consisted of role play and video self-modeling. The frequency of spoken initiations, responses to questions, and communication breakdowns was measured during three social situations (i.e., ordering in a restaurant, meeting new adults, and playing with new children) and in three community settings. Results demonstrated increases in spoken initiations and responses and decreases in communication breakdowns across all situations and settings. 相似文献
225.
Existing research applying the personal wellbeing index (PWI) in China is restricted to urban and rural samples. There are
no studies for Chinese off-farm migrants. The specific aims of this study are: (a) ascertain whether Chinese off-farm are
satisfied with their lives; (b) investigate the equivalence of the PWI in terms of its psychometric properties; and (c) examine
whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the normative range predicted by the Theory of Subjective
Wellbeing Homeostasis. The PWI demonstrated good psychometric performance in terms of its reliability and validity and was
consistent with previous studies for Western and non-Western samples. The data revealed a moderate level of subjective well-being
(PWI score = 62.6). While Chinese off-farm migrants lead hard lives, the PWI was within the normative range predicted for
Chinese societies by the Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis. A likely explanation for this finding rests with the
circular nature of migration in China. When China’s off-farm migrants find it too difficult to cope in the cities, most have
the fallback position that they can return to their homes in the countryside. This option provides an external buffer to minimize
the inherent challenges of life which would otherwise impinge on the life satisfaction of China’s off-farm migrants. 相似文献
226.
Two studies (N = 68, ages 2;0-3;11; N = 80, ages 2;6-4;11) explore the idea that, rather than starting with a separate mental category for each discrete emotion, children start with two broad categories (positive and negative) and then differentiate within each until adult-like categories form. Children generated emotion labels for (a) facial expressions or (b) stories about an emotion's cause and consequence. Emotions included were happiness, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust. Both conditions yielded the predicted pattern of differentiation. These studies of younger children found the face more powerful in eliciting correct emotion labels than had prior research, which typically relied on older preschoolers. 相似文献
227.
Bouton ME Frohardt RJ Sunsay C Waddell J Morris RW 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2008,34(2):223-236
Four experiments with rats studied the effects of switching the context after Pavlovian conditioning. In three conditioned suppression experiments, a large number of conditioning trials created "inhibition with reinforcement" (IWR), in which fear of the conditional stimulus (CS) reached a maximum and then declined despite continued CS-unconditional stimulus pairings. When IWR occurred, a context switch augmented fear of the CS; IWR and augmentation were highly correlated. Neither IWR nor augmentation resulted from inhibition of delay (IOD): In conditioned suppression, IWR and augmentation occurred without IOD (Experiment 3), and in appetitive conditioning (Experiment 4), IOD occurred without IWR or augmentation. IWR may occur in conditioned suppression because the animal adapts to fear of the CS in a context-specific manner. The authors discuss several implications. 相似文献
228.
Daniel C. Russell 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2008,46(2):299-315
Virtue ethicists sometimes say that a right action is what a virtuous person would do, characteristically, in the circumstances. But some have objected recently that right action cannot be defined as what a virtuous person would do in the circumstances because there are circumstances in which a right action is possible but in which no virtuous person would be found. This objection moves from the premise that a given person ought to do an action that no virtuous person would do, to the conclusion that the action is a right action. I demon‐strate that virtue ethicists distinguish “ought” from “right” and reject the assumption that “ought” implies “right.” I then show how their rejection of that assumption blocks this “right but not virtuous” objection. I conclude by showing how the thesis that “ought” does not imply “right” can clarify a further dispute in virtue ethics regarding whether “ought” implies “can.” 相似文献
229.
Scott Stuart Russell Noyes Jr. Vladan Starcevic Arthur Barsky 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2008,38(1):45-53
Data regarding the treatment of somatoform disorders suggest that the gains associated with current psychopharmacologic or
psychotherapeutic treatments are modest at best. There have been a few moderately effective treatments for selected functional
somatic syndromes, but patients who present with multi-system symptoms meeting criteria for the DSM-IV somatoform disorders
are notoriously unresponsive to treatment. Experts in the field have advocated several approaches, including interpersonally
oriented and cognitive-behavioral therapies, and have emphasized the importance of the provision of reassurance within the
doctor-patient relationship. While each individual approach has merit, none is likely to be maximally efficacious as a stand-alone
treatment. In this article we describe the theoretical underpinnings and technical aspects of a treatment for somatizing patients
that integrates these three elements. 相似文献
230.
Andrew M. Burck John M. Laux Martin Ritchie David Baker 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2008,29(1):49-61
In this study, the authors examined the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory‐3 Correctional scale's sensitivity and specificity at detecting college students' illegal behaviors. Sensitivity was strong, but specificity was weak. Implications for counseling and suggestions for future research are included. 相似文献