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991.
Laurel L. Hourani Jason Williams Pamela K. Lattimore James V. Trudeau Richard A. Van Dorn 《Military psychology》2013,25(5):381-395
The U.S. military has expressed concern about the influence of deployment and combat exposure on the criminal behavior of personnel returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. This study examines the role of behavioral health risk and protective factors associated with combat exposure and criminal and aggressive behavior in active duty Army and Naval personnel. Data from this cross-sectional study are based on two large anonymous, population-based health-related behavior surveys. Findings show that the proportion of all active duty Army and Naval service personnel who reported encounters with law enforcement or committed one or more aggressive acts in the past year increased from 19.41% in 2005 to 22.58% in 2008. Substance use, especially illicit drug use, and mental health problems were significant correlates of criminal and aggressive behavior, as were younger age, male sex, high impulsivity, and work/family stress. Path modeling suggested that several variables, notably combat exposure and history of childhood abuse, appeared to manifest their influence on criminal or aggressive behavior through increases in substance use and mental health problems. The potential mediating influence of substance use and mental health on combat and other trauma experiences has significant implications for preventing criminal and aggressive behavior among U.S. active duty military personnel. 相似文献
992.
Steven V. Rouse Roger L. Greene James N. Butcher David S. Nichols Carolyn L. Williams 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(5):435-442
The qualitative aspects of the content of Rorschach responses of normal 10-and 13-year-old boys have been analysed in order to determine whether significant changes occur between the two age levels. The results show that such changes do occur, and an attempt was made to relate the changes in response content to theories of child development. It was argued that the material is of value not only in corroborating present theory, but also in illustrating areas of development which have so far received limited attention. 相似文献
993.
Anderson CM Doughty SS Doughty AH Williams DC Saunders KJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(2):333-339
Stereotypical behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement often does not result in harm but may be undesirable in some situations. In the current investigation, participants were 2 individuals who engaged in nonharmful stereotypical responses shown in an analogue functional analysis to be insensitive to social contingencies. After bringing these responses under stimulus control using differential punishment, both participants learned a mand to terminate punishment for stereotypy. We also assessed whether the mand could be brought under stimulus control. 相似文献
994.
Ryan Williams LaMothe 《Pastoral Psychology》2010,59(3):331-344
In this article, I depict four types of relational faith (functional-cooperative, oppositional-closed, mutual-person, and transcendent) and their relation to emotional intelligence. I begin with a brief definition of emotional intelligence, as well as the research that has supported a shift in understanding the necessity of emotions in cognitive and social development. This sets the stage for describing the types of relational faith, using the notion of emotional intelligence to differentiate between adaptive and maladaptive manifestations of each faith type. This perspective serves as a lens for identifying the varied and complex types of faith-relations manifested in daily life within or outside of the church, synagogue or mosque. 相似文献
995.
Heather Agazzi Abraham Salinas Jillian Williams Daniela Chiriboga Cristina Ortiz Kathleen Armstrong 《Infant mental health journal》2010,31(2):182-200
This article presents the process utilized to adapt a behavioral parent‐training curriculum for Hispanic caregivers from a program currently available in English. Throughout this process, a number of cultural and language elements were identified as needing to be modified to meet the needs of the Hispanic population served. Fidelity and fit were balanced to develop a curriculum acceptable to diverse Hispanic caregivers while also incorporating all the essential elements of a theory‐based approach to training caregivers. The lessons learned from this adaptation may assist others in their attempts to meet the needs of Hispanic families. 相似文献
996.
Susan Williams White F. Donald Kelly 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2010,88(2):227-235
The role of the school counselor has undergone numerous revisions over the past few decades. The current emphasis on accountability and academic performance of students has forced counselors to scrutinize their role in promoting students' academic success and school completion. In this article, the authors review the problem of school dropout from the school counselor's perspective and offer guidelines for how school counselors can deliver empirically supported strategies to address this problem as part of their comprehensive guidance programs. 相似文献
997.
Alishia D. Williams Michelle L. Moulds Jessica R. Grisham Philippe Gay Tamara Lang Eva Kandris Aliza Werner-Seidler Carol Yap 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):397-405
Study 1 evaluated the psychometric properties of the English version of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ; Luciano
et al. 2005), an index of perceived control over intrusive cognitions. Confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 720 University
students revealed a clear uni-dimensional structure (after removal of items 5, 7, 8, 14, and 25) with high internal consistency
(α = .87, 95% CI = [.86, .88]) and test-retest reliability after a six month interval (r = .68). Correlational analyses supported an inverse relationship with measures of depression, anxiety, maladaptive cognitive
control strategies, and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology. Study 2 tested the ability of the TCAQ to predict successful
cognitive control during an experimental suppression protocol. Results demonstrated that weak thought control ability was
predictive of the frequency and associated levels of distress of a target thought while under instruction to suppress. Additionally,
weak perceived thought control ability was predictive of increased efforts to suppress the target material. Collectively,
results suggest that thought control ability is a measurable individual difference variable and that the TCAQ is a reliable
index of perceived cognitive control. 相似文献
998.
Terry F. PettijohnII Greg M. Williams Tiffany C. Carter 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(4):328-345
The present research examined music preferences in relation to the seasons: fall, winter, spring, and summer. Across two studies,
male and female college students (N = 232 and 199) were primed to think about the seasons and indicate their music preference from Rentfrow and Gosling’s (2003)
music classification scheme. Participants were predicted to prefer reflexive and complex music when primed with fall/winter and energetic and rhythmic and upbeat and conventional music when primed with spring/summer. Study 1 had participants read winter or summer season scenarios and Study 2 had participants
write their own fall, winter, spring, or summer seasonal experiences. Overall, results were consistent with predictions for
the reflexive and complex and energetic and rhythmic classifications, indicating an environmental influence of musical preferences. 相似文献
999.
The term dual use technologies refers to research and technology with the potential both to yield valuable scientific knowledge
and to be used for nefarious purposes with serious consequences for public health or the environment. There are two main approaches
to assessing dual use technologies: pragmatic and metaphysical. A pragmatic approach relies on ethical principles and norms
to generate specific guidance and policy for dual use technologies. A metaphysical approach exhorts us to the deeper study
of human nature, our intentions, goals, values ideals and social relations when considering dual use technology. Use of science
and technology (S and T) is determined by two components of human nature: human intentions and choices. We have drawn a distinction
between specific measures, goals and intentions with respect to technologies in order to show that moral judgment about technologies
must precede their use. Understanding of our intentionality and values, and our moral ideals, as a measurable, tangible part
of the real world is important for the prevention of any possible harm from S and T. In the context of dual use technologies,
we stress the importance of three main understandings of human nature: vulnerability, responsibility and narrative identity.
These can become a strong ontological “antidote” to technology’s poisoning of modern man. Each new technology can be measured
and compared with man’s values, traditions and societal norms. This can be done bearing in mind the concept that human nature
is not dualistic, but pluralistic. A system of ethical principles that includes the principles of good intentions, the correspondence
of goals and means, the balancing of risks and benefits, simplicity, and contextuality, will help ensure that technologies
are more humanistic and friendly to human beings. 相似文献
1000.