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Brown R González R Zagefka H Manzi J Cehajic S 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(1):75-90
Three studies examined the hypothesis that collective guilt and shame have different consequences for reparation. In 2 longitudinal studies, the ingroup was nonindigenous Chileans (Study 1: N = 124/120, lag = 8 weeks; Study 2: N = 247/137, lag = 6 months), and the outgroup was Chile's largest indigenous group, the Mapuche. In both studies, it was found that collective guilt predicted reparation attitudes longitudinally. Collective shame had only cross-sectional associations with reparation and no direct longitudinal effects. In Study 2, collective shame moderated the longitudinal effects of collective guilt such that the effects of guilt were stronger for low-shame respondents. In Study 3 (N = 193 nonindigenous Chileans), the cross-sectional relationships among guilt, shame, and reparation attitudes were replicated. The relationship between shame and reparation attitudes was mediated by a desire to improve the ingroup's reputation. 相似文献
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Steven J. Sandage Sarah H. Moon David Rupert David R. Paine Elizabeth G. Ruffing Lauren E. Kehoe 《Psychodynamic Practice》2017,23(3):249-268
Extensive empirical research has established therapeutic alliance as one of the most stable predictors of psychotherapy outcomes. Nearly all the contemporary empirical literature on therapeutic alliance focuses on the therapist-client dyad without attending to the relational experiences many clients in outpatient clinics have with administrative staff. Literatures from the fields of social work, psychiatric nursing and milieu therapy suggest there are more systemic relational and environmental dynamics that impact treatment beyond the therapist-client dyad, although these issues have been considered primarily in inpatient settings. A relational ecology framework has been developed drawing upon relational psychoanalysis, attachment theory and symbolic anthropology to help conceptualise the broader relational dynamics beyond the therapist-client dyad that may impact a more systemic therapeutic alliance in certain outpatient contexts. In an initial cross-sectional pilot study with a sample of clients (N = 107) receiving psychotherapy at a community mental health clinic in the Northeastern United States, the present study found client ratings of both (a) the therapeutic alliance with their therapists and (b) their alliance with administrative staff each significantly positively predicted client ratings of treatment. Thus, ratings of administrative alliance predicted client ratings of treatment over and above the effects of the therapist-client therapeutic alliance. These findings provide preliminary support for further investigation of the relational ecology of outpatient psychotherapy and suggest that client experiences of relational and environmental dynamics with administrative staff may be important contributors to psychotherapy outcomes. Limitations of the present study and implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
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To explore the effects of various categorization strategies on intergroup bias within and beyond a contact situation, two experiments were conducted involving groups of different size and/or status that worked together on a cooperative task. Three categorization strategies (decategorization, recategorization, and dual identity) were compared, and bias was measured through symbolic reward allocations to people who were and were not actually encountered. In Experiment 1 (N = 129), we varied group size (minority or majority) and found that it affected bias within the contact situation—minority groups were more biased than majority groups. All of the categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, only the recategorization and dual identity strategies limited bias. In Experiment 2 (N = 156), we varied both group status (low or high) and group size. Both of these variables affected bias within the contact situation—high status groups were more biased than low status groups, and minority groups were again more biased than majority groups. Once again, all three categorization strategies limited bias and they did so equally well. Outside the contact situation, however, an interaction among the independent variables was observed. For minority groups, only the dual identity strategy limited bias, but none of the categorization strategies limited bias for majority groups. 相似文献
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The importance of social context in affecting attention has recently been highlighted by the finding that the presence of
a passive, nonevaluative confederate can improve selective attention. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear.
In this paper, we argue that social facilitation can be caused by distractor inhibition. Two distinct sources of evidence
are provided from an experiment employing the Stroop task with and without social presence. First, analysis of the response
time (RT) distribution indicates that interference is reduced at relatively long RTs. This is consistent with an inhibitory
mechanism, whose effects build up slowly. Further support is provided by showing that social facilitation is prevented by
using short response-to-stimulus intervals that are thought to reduce cognitive control processes. 相似文献
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