从个人德性到社会和谐

"德性"是指人的品质和品性,德性的诉求体现了人类建设一种理想的社会状态的努力.人类社会之所以需要德性,其根本的原因就在于现实的个人相对于自己的关系的非自足性.这种非自足性通过人与自然、人与人和人与自己的精神的关系等方面表现出来.     

大学新生应激、倦怠和抑郁的关系:来自纵向研究的证据

应激、倦怠和抑郁是职业健康心理学中三个非常容易混淆的概念,为了对三者的关系加以明确的考察,本研究利用大一学生生活事件问卷、简式倦怠量表和自评抑郁量表在三个不同的时间段对230名大学新生进行施测,结果表明:(1)应激(主要生活事件和日常琐事)、倦怠和抑郁是三个可以相互区分的心理学概念;(2)无论是在横断考察还是在纵向分析中,日常琐事都是抑郁的有效预测变量;(3)无论是在横断考察还是在纵向分析中,日常琐事都是倦怠的有效预测变量;(4)无论是在横断考察还是在纵向分析中,倦怠都是抑郁的有效预测变量;(5)倦怠能够(部分)中介日常琐事对于抑郁的影响.     

The flip side of the other‐race coin: They all look different to me

Poorer recognition of other‐race faces than own‐races faces has been attributed to a problem of discrimination (i.e., telling faces apart). The conclusion that ‘they all look the same to me' is based on studies measuring the perception/memory of highly controlled stimuli, typically involving only one or two images of each identity. We hypothesized that such studies underestimate the challenge involved in recognizing other‐race faces because in the real world, an individual's appearance varies in a number of ways (e.g., lighting, expression, hairstyle), reducing the utility of relying on pictorial cues to identity. In two experiments, Caucasian and East Asian participants completed a perceptual sorting task in which they were asked to sort 40 photographs of two unfamiliar identities into piles such that each pile contained all photographs of a single identity. Participants perceived more identities when sorting other‐race faces than own‐race faces, both when sorting celebrity (Experiment 1) and non‐celebrity (Experiment 2) faces, suggesting that in the real world, ‘they all look different to me'. We discuss these results in the light of models in which each identity is represented as a region in a multidimensional face space; we argue that this region is smaller for other‐race than own‐race faces.     

汉语时间-空间隐喻加工垂直偏向性的稳固性

前人的研究发现,汉语时间-空间隐喻的加工表现出一定的垂直偏向性。本文两个实验采用空间启动的范式,考察汉英双语者二语（英语）经验对汉语时间-空间隐喻加工偏向性的影响。实验1以中国内地汉英双语大学生为被试,结果发现,在垂直空间启动条件下,被试的反应时更快,垂直性时间问题的反应时最短,正确率最高,即表现出时间-空间隐喻加工的垂直偏向性,这说明英语经验未影响汉语时间-空间隐喻加工的垂直偏向性。实验2采用英语熟练程度更高,来自我国港、澳地区的汉英双语大学生为被试,得到了和实验1类似的结果。两个实验结果表明,对于非平衡的汉英双语者而言,英语经验并未对汉语母语时间-空间隐喻加工的偏向性产生影响,汉语时间-空间隐喻加工的垂直偏向性表现出相当程度的稳固性。     

The Effect of General Creative Personality and Freedom of Task Choice on Adolescents' Social Creativity

This study investigated the effect of general creative personality and freedom of task choice on the social creativity of adolescents. The results indicated, first, that senior high school students scored higher than junior high school students. Second, girls scored higher than boys on originality, fluency, flexibility, appropriateness, and utility with regard to creative social problem‐solving. Third, freedom of task choice and its interaction with creative personality had significant effects on the originality, appropriateness, utility, flexibility, and fluency of social creativity. Adolescents who completed the task voluntarily scored higher on these dimensions than adolescents who completed it reluctantly and, among the voluntary adolescents, those with high and medium creative personality scored higher than those with low creative personality, whereas no such difference was found among the reluctant adolescents. Adolescents were more likely to show social creativity, and their general creative personality was more likely to be brought into effect under the freedom of task choice condition.     

葛兰西与“后马克思主义”的生成

“后马克思主义”与新葛兰西主义是两项互相联系而又不同的理论规划。葛兰西主义不仅是“后马克思主义”的理论来源,而且它的思想方法和概念形式在一定程度上被沉积到“后马克思主义”的理论构造之中。新葛兰西主义的“接合理论”本身潜伏着解除“接合”的外在限制的离散力,而接合概念的“后马克思主义化”就是这种离散力的直接后果;葛兰西把霸权视为一种接合过程,已经预示了一种语言政治学的新视域,而后马克思义的话语政治不过是葛兰西式的语言政治学的后结构主义处理;葛兰西一直强调霸权是对其它集团的意识形态原素的接合,在他看来,成功的政治是一种具有高度兼容性的政治,它能够从异己的、反己的力量中吸收增益性的成分从而大大拓展自己的存在空间,葛兰西这种观念被拉克劳与莫菲以一种独特的形式接合到“后马克思主义”的论述之中。     

情绪启动：一次阈上与阈下启动研究的实验报告

本文将情绪图片作为启动刺激,分别以阈上和阈下的方式呈现,采用主观情绪自我评定量表和投射问卷检验情绪启动效应.结果发现阈上情绪诱发以消极情绪明显且宜以自我评定方法检验,而阈下情绪启动积极情绪效应优于消极情绪启动且宜用投射检验.     

内隐联结测验下单纯呈现效应与积极情感的产生

该研究以汉语双字词为刺激材料,以大学生为被试,首先检验了标准的GNAT内隐联结测验范式的有效性,实验一发现,积极名词与正性形容词联结的反应时显著快于与负性形容词联结的反应时.实验二发现,用在标准的单纯重复呈现范式中重复呈现过的中性名词,替换标准GNAT内隐联结测验范式中的积极名词,再次进行标准的GNAT内隐联结测验,观察到了重复呈现的中性名词与正性形容词联结的反应时显著快于与负性形容词联结的反应时,表明被试将重复呈现过的中性刺激与积极刺激联系比与消极刺激的联系更紧密.实验三发现,同样是这些中性名词,当没有被重复呈现时,在GNAT内隐联结测验中与积极形容词和消极形容词的联结的反应时之问差异不显著.研究表明,刺激的重复呈现会导致偏好的产生,使其能够起到积极刺激的作用.该研究认为,刺激的重复呈现,可能是积极情感产生的一个来源.     

不同符号形式数字的数量表征

针对以往对不同符号形式数字数量表征的ERP研究只应用以反应为原点分段平均分析方法,以及忽略对后期符号效应观察,从而造成对数量表征的考察不完善的状况,本研究利用ERP技术,结合借助潜伏期平移思想的以刺激为原点的分段平均方法,对阿拉伯与汉字小写的两位数数字的数量大小比较任务进行考察.结果表明阿拉伯数字与汉字数字在编码表征阶段存在差异,ERP结果中符号效应与距离效应无交互作用,但是在距离效应出现的同时仍然存在符号效应,说明不同符号形式数字的数量表征并非完全相同.     

第三次中国道教宫观生态保护论坛在江苏句容举行

2008年11月26日,中国道教学院第二届研究生班在北京举行开学典礼.国家宗教事务局四司副司长张剑、院校处处长李革,中国道教协会副会长、中国道教学院副院长张继禹,中国道教协会秘书长、中国道教学院教务长袁炳栋和研究生导师王卡研究员等出席开学典礼.