停表错觉的机制：注意是否为决定因素

通过两个实验探讨了注意是否影响停表错觉（chronostasis）。实验一要求被试在注视时或眼跳后,估计处于眼跳目标或其附近位置的刺激的持续时间;实验二要求被试在眼跳条件下辨别眼跳目标或其附近位置的刺激,以考查两种位置的注意水平。结果表明,眼跳目标位置的注意水平高于其附近位置,而两种位置均可产生停表错觉,且两者的错觉量近似相等。从而说明注意并不影响停表错觉,停表错觉的机制可能是眼跳目标及其附近刺激的知觉提前。     

Body image, relationships, and time

The cultural standard of an impossible-to-attain ideal body image has been blamed for a plethora of psychological ills, from low self-esteem to eating disorders. In this study, the authors investigated the importance of current body image dissatisfaction compared with the ideal for married couples and for single people. The results indicated that although body image dissatisfaction exists in both married and single people, this discrepancy is of significantly less importance to married couples. The importance of long-lasting, satisfying relationships decreases the importance of body dissatisfaction and mitigates the impact of unrealistic ideal body image.     

学习困难儿童诊断量表常模制定

"学习困难检查表"在上海范围内向1067名被试施测后,本研究对所获数据进行了初步分析,得到(1)各变量原始数据的均数和标准差.(2)各变量原始数据有显著年龄差异和性别差异.(3)信效度检验结果基本符合心理测量学要求.(4)制定了上海地区常模.     

Recollection reduces unitised familiarity effect

Two types of encoding tasks have been employed in previous research to investigate the beneficial effect of unitisation on familiarity-based associative recognition (unitised familiarity effect), namely the compound task and the interactive imagery task. Here we show how these two tasks could differentially engage subsequent recollection-based associative recognition and consequently lead to the turn-on or turn-off of the unitised familiarity effect. In the compound task, participants studied unrelated word pairs as newly learned compounds. In the interactive imagery task, participants studied the same word pairs as interactive images. An associative recognition task was used in combination with the Remember/Know procedure to measure recollection-based and familiarity-based associative recognition. The results showed that the unitised familiarity effect was present in the compound task but was absent in the interactive imagery task. A comparison of the compound and the interactive imagery task revealed a dramatic increase in recollection-based associative recognition for the interactive imagery task. These results suggest that unitisation could benefit familiarity-based associative recognition; however, this effect will be eliminated when the memory trace formed is easily accessed by strong recollection without the need for a familiarity assessment.     

关于问题难度的实验研究

利用一种新型的人工问题,探讨了一些影响问题难度的因素。结果表明：未知参数越多,问题难度越大;中间未知参数不予提示时问题难度显著提高;参数排列方式越乱,问题难度越大;供选择的操作数越多,问题难度越大;供选择的操作的相似性越强,问题难度就越大;对过去题目中某些特征的意识水平越高,经验就越容易迁移,从而影响难度。     

客体替代掩蔽:视觉后向掩蔽研究的新进展

传统的知觉实验通常采用视觉后向掩蔽在网膜水平上干扰对目标刺激的加工,主要有模式掩蔽和偏对比掩蔽两种形式.近年来客体替代掩蔽(简称OSM)的实验研究表明,围绕目标刺激呈现四个点也可导致目标刺激的可见性下降.OSM发生在客体表征水平上,它既是值得研究的掩蔽现象,也可以作为一种新的研究范式.本文介绍OSM的心理物理学和计算模型研究,并指出它对于认知科学的重要意义.     

Effect of Heel Heights on Female Postural Control During Standing on a Dynamic Support Surface With Sinusoidal Oscillations

The authors aimed to investigate female balance or stability control with comparative analysis of the center of pressure trajectory and plantar pressure distribution with different high-heeled shoes while standing on a dynamic surface with multidirectional perturbations. College females with at least 2 years' history of wearing high-heel shoes voluntarily participated in the test with a Novel Pedar insole (Novel, GmBH, Munich, Germany. With heels height increasing, the pressure time integral obviously transfer to the medial forefoot region, with center of pressure trajectory medially deviated significantly, either under anteroposterior or mediolateral perturbations. The passive plantarflexion position of ankle incurred by high heel increased the range of motion in the frontal plane but decreased ankle stability, thus increasing the challenge of body balance maintenance.     

Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile telecommunication innovation: The existence of network externalities

• Consumer acceptance of technological innovations is crucial to marketing new products. According to the most influential model in this area, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) determine users' behavioural intentions to use or purchase a system or product. In the specific context of network externalities, a sense of utility that arises from the number of users (NOU) is considered as important as technology‐specific valuation. This study conducted an empirical survey to examine the effects of TAM and network externalities on the acceptance of Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), an innovation in the field of mobile telecommunications. The results confirm the effectiveness of the TAM and find that network externalities effect affects users' acceptance to this mobile innovations. Accordingly, the TAM can be applied to predict consumer's acceptance to the mobile telecommunication innovations in the presence of network externalities.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超越政治权威的罗马法

自2000年以来,美国学术界展开了关于"最后的帝国"的讨论.该讨论针对的是美国一匡天下的政治现实,它涉及到的问题包括:在一个单极化的世界中,民主与法律这些力求体现程序正义的东西是否具有其适用界限?在相关的探讨中,罗马法及其对现代西方世界的影响成为关注中心.     

《政府论》中自由、秩序与权力的张力

自由、秩序与权力的张力始终是政治生活中的难题。从自由主义的观点出发,洛克认为秩序是自由的基础,自由是秩序的本质;自由和秩序是政治权力的目的,权力是实现秩序和自由的工具;权力制约是实现自由秩序的保障。