情绪应激对不同脑区c-fos表达的影响

利用电击信号和空瓶刺激两种情绪应激体液免疫调节作用动物模型,以c-fos原癌基因为探针,观察情绪应激后2个小时,大鼠全脑的c—fos原癌基因表达情况,探讨情绪应激对不同脑区c—fos表达的影响。结果表明,电击信号和空瓶刺激两种情绪应激源均能引起某些脑区或核团的c—fos蛋白表达明显增加,包括额皮质、扣带皮质、杏仁内侧核、前连合核、下丘脑背内侧核弥散部、弓状核、孤束核。结果提示,这些脑区或核团是情绪应激主要激活的中枢部位。     

ω-phase formation in a rapidly solidified Cr-40 at.% Al alloy

The diffuse ω structure has been identified by electron diffraction for the first time in a C11_b matrix of the melt-spun Cr-40 at.% Al alloy ribbon. The C11_b matrix consists of nanometre-scale ordered domains produced by a long-period chemical ordering in the precursor A2-B2 structure. Each C11 _b unit cell in the Cr-40 at.% Al alloy is based on three cubic B2 cells along the c axis and contains two antiphase boundaries. The structure of the diffuse ω is consistent with that observed by De Fontaine. The relative stability of the crystalline ω structure has been predicted with respect to bcc-type precursor phases as a function of the displacement parameter z from calculation of the cohesive energy of the ω phase using the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. The results show that the three-dimensional crystalline ω structure is stable with respect to bcc-type precursor phases in the Cr-Al system and reveals the physical background as to why the ω structure in Cr-40 at% Al is diffuse in nature.     

人才甄选中的人格测验作假研究的深入与拓展

企业人才甄选情境下求职者很容易在人格测验中作假。至今有关作假的研究已包含作假的内涵、来源和识别等多个方面,也诞生了多种心理模型尝试解释作假产生的心理机制,如作假动机与作假能力交互作用理论、作假计划行为理论、作假整合模型、一般作假行为模型以及作假的VIE模型,为后续理论研究点明方向。此外,作假应用领域中新兴的网络人格测验作假受到关注,在此介绍网络与纸笔测验两种形式下,人格测验作假行为、作假意向的不同。     

Event‐related potentials reveal linguistic suppression effect but not enhancement effect on categorical perception of color

The present study used the event‐related potential technique to investigate the nature of linguistic effect on color perception. Four types of stimuli based on hue differences between a target color and a preceding color were used: zero hue step within‐category color (0‐WC); one hue step within‐category color (1‐WC); one hue step between‐category color (1‐BC); and two hue step between‐category color (2‐BC). The ERP results showed no significant effect of stimulus type in the 100‐200 ms time window. However, in the 200–350 ms time window, ERP responses to 1‐WC target color overlapped with that to 0‐WC target color for right visual field (RVF) but not left visual field (LVF) presentation. For the 1‐BC condition, ERP amplitudes were comparable in the two visual fields, both being significantly different from the 0‐WC condition. The 2‐BC condition showed the same pattern as the 1‐BC condition. These results suggest that the categorical perception of color in RVF is due to linguistic suppression on within‐category color discrimination but not between‐category color enhancement, and that the effect is independent of early perceptual processes.     

The utility of a multifoci approach to the study of organizational justice: A meta-analytic investigation into the consideration of normative rules,moral accountability,bandwidth-fidelity,and social exchange

Multifoci justice pulls from research on social exchange theory to argue that despite the proliferation of rule sets in the literature (often referred to as the “types” of justice), individuals seek to hold some party accountable for the violation/upholding of such rules, and it is these parties (e.g., supervisors, the organization as a whole) that are most likely to be the recipients of attitudes and behaviors (i.e., target similarity effects). To explore these issues, we meta-analytically (k = 647, N = 235,682) compared the predictive validities of source- vs. type-based justice perceptions and found that (a) multifoci justice perceptions more strongly predicted outcomes directed at matched sources than did type-based justice perceptions, (b) multifoci justice perceptions more strongly predicted target similar than dissimilar outcomes, and (c) the relationships between multifoci justice perceptions and target similar outcomes were mediated by source-specific social exchange.     

EMA-一种生态主义取向的研究模式

生态瞬时评估（EMA）不是一个单一的研究方法,而是一种研究模式,它强调现实世界中实时数据的采集和反复的评估,并能阐释变量间自然存在和变化的相互关系,具有很高的生态学效度。EMA的使用会加强我们对个体与环境之间的动态交互作用的理解。EMA的基本设计思路包括基于事件的设计、基于时间的设计和联合设计。在EMA 的使用中还有一些问题如软硬件的发展、伦理、数据等问题等需要研究者注意。目前EMA应用最广泛的领域是临床心理学和行为研究方面。     

Sources of individual differences in the speed of naming objects and actions: The contribution of executive control

We examined the contribution of executive control to individual differences in response time (RT) for naming objects and actions. Following Miyake et al., executive control was assumed to include updating, shifting, and inhibiting abilities, which were assessed using operation span, task-switching, and stop-signal tasks, respectively. Experiment 1 showed that updating ability was significantly correlated with the mean RT of action naming, but not of object naming. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2 using a larger stimulus set. Inhibiting ability was significantly correlated with the mean RT of both action and object naming, whereas shifting ability was not correlated with the mean naming RTs. Ex-Gaussian analyses of the RT distributions revealed that updating ability was correlated with the distribution tail of both action and object naming, whereas inhibiting ability was correlated with the leading edge of the distribution for action naming and the tail for object naming. Shifting ability provided no independent contribution. These results indicate that the executive control abilities of updating and inhibiting contribute to the speed of naming objects and actions, although there are differences in the way and extent these abilities are involved.     

Data Collection via Online Platforms: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Research

Online platforms such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) are increasingly used by researchers to collect survey and experimental data. Yet, such platforms often represent a tumultuous terrain for both researchers and reviewers. Researchers have to navigate the complexities of obtaining representative samples from online participant cohorts, ensuring data quality, ethically incentivizing participant engagement, and maintaining transparency. Reviewers, on the other hand, have to navigate the complexities of evaluating the efficacy of such data collection and execution efforts in answering important research questions. In order to provide clarity to these issues, this article provides researchers and reviewers with a series of recommendations for effectively executing and evaluating data collection via online platforms, respectively.     

关于轮廓与视觉搜索顺序的实验研究

轮廓是图形识别的重要线索,在平行加工形成轮廓的基础上,进一步的特征搜索会与轮廓有关。本研究通过3个实验探讨轮廓对于搜索顺序的作用。实验一的目的在于确认轮廓因素在视觉搜索中的关键作用,实验结果进一步验证了视觉搜索中存在“可能目标”的心理表征。实验二结果显示,图形的重叠虽然可以产生新的特征,但是未必提高搜索速度。由此引入关于轮廓与视觉搜索顺序的关系问题,提出了在轮廓形成的基础上搜索区别性特征的顺序为轮廓外区→轮廓本身→轮廓内区的假设。实验三进一步检验这个假设。     

论"民本思想"在齐文化中的历史地位与作用

齐文化作为中国古代的地域文化,博大精深,是中国传统文化的重要组成部分.民本思想作为齐文化的重要组成部分,其发展与实践则更显突出.正因为齐国有为君臣注重爱民、重民、富民,注重民众的作用,才使齐国成为了春秋五霸之首、战国七雄之一.梳理与研究齐文化中的民本思想,不仅可使齐国治国思想的研究深入,而且对建设有中国特色的社会主义现代化无疑也有着重要的借鉴意义.