Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex 5-HT6 receptors regulate anxiety-like behavior

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) plays a very important role in decision-related and anxiety-related information processing. It has enriched 5-HT6 receptors; however, the precise role of dmPFC 5-HT6 receptors in anxiety remains to be fully investigated. In this study, we injected dmPFC with the 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 and antagonist SB 271046 using stereotactic technology. 5-HT6 receptor activation in mice increased time spent in the center area on the open-field test, increased exploration of the open arms on the elevated plus maze test, and increased ratio on the social interaction test. 5-HT6 receptor inactivation induced the opposite effects. In brain slices, EMD 386088 decreased both spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC), while SB 271046 only increased sEPSC. These effects of EMD 386088 and SB 271046 could be reversed by the GABA_A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BMI) and positive allosteric modulator clonazepam (CLZ), respectively. Our results suggest that neurotransmission in the dmPFC by 5-HT6 receptor activation and inhibition may play an important role in anxiety-like behavior, and may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential target of anxiety disorders.     

小学傣汉双语者汉语词汇形音的语义通达特点

采用语义启动研究范式,探讨傣族小学2、4、6年级汉语词汇和语音的语义通达特点。结果表明：1）对图片语义的提取存在学习年龄效应,2年级的反应时显著长于4、6年级;2）汉语词汇和语音都能显著促进图片语义的提取,但语音促进作用更明显;3）汉语词汇对图片语义提取的促进作用随年级的升高而增加,汉语语音的促进作用随年级的升高而减少。     

高职生时间管理倾向与成就动机的关系研究

文章采用《青少年时间管理倾向量表》和《成就动机量表》对贵州省3个高职院校577名学生进行了问卷调查,结果发现,高职男生在时间效能感、时间价值感和时间监控观上显著高于女生;高职生的时间管理倾向与成就动机存在显著相关,其中高职生的时间管理倾向各维度与追求成功的动机存在显著的正相关,与避免失败的动机存在显著的负相关;高职生的高时间管理组在追求成功的动机上显著高于低时间管理组,而在避免失败的动机上低于低时间管理组;时间价值感、时间监控观对追求成功的动机具有显著的预测力,时间价值感、时间监控观和时间效能感对避免失败的动机具有显著的影响力。     

Age differences in the effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms

This study examined associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms in 1,151 community-dwelling adults in Japan. Physical activity was measured using a pedometer, whereas depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. A structural equation modeling with a cross-lagged panel design revealed that for the older adults (65-79 years of age), daily walking at baseline predicted fewer depressive symptoms at the 2-year follow-up, even after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, the association was not confirmed for the middle-aged adults (40-64 years of age). Findings suggest that age should be considered when estimating the effect of physical activity on psychological well-being.     

Applying propensity score matching to assess the impact of the pandemic on intimate relationships

The COVID-19 pandemic produced multiple stressors that risk relationship conflict and dissatisfaction. We extended prior studies that yielded inconsistent effects of the pandemic on relationships by using propensity score matching to (1) compare levels of relationship conflict and satisfaction during the pandemic (pandemic group; N = 7268) to similar people immediately before the pandemic (matched control group; N = 7268), and (2) compare pandemic groups facing different types of restrictions, beginning with lockdowns involving household isolation to returning to normal life. Results reveal that relationship conflict increased and relationship satisfaction decreased in response to the pandemic, but these effects were very small and primarily occurred in the initial stages of the pandemic when lockdown involved household isolation. The results add to evidence of resilience in personal and relationship well-being in 2020, but also indicate the importance of understanding the effects of varying pandemic-related conditions across the years of the pandemic.     

概念及概念结构研究新进展

近来有关归类和概念结构的研究与理论出现了两个方面的转变。第一个方面是从概念定义属性的假设 (经典观 )到概念表征属性的观点 (概率观 ) ;第二个方面是从概念以相似性组织的观点到概念围绕理论而组织的观点。本文综合概述了基于相似性和理论驱动的归类理论。     

多元宇宙样分析：简介及应用

选择性分析和报告是造成心理科学研究可重复性危机的一个重要因素。近年来研究者提出用多元宇宙样分析的方法,囊括多种数据分析策略,减少分析过程中的主观选择性和随意性,并进行稳健性检验以提高结果的可靠性。以手机使用与手机压力的关系为例,介绍该方法和操作步骤。该方法已在心理学和认知神经科学等领域得到一定的应用。未来研究应继续发展和完善该方法的统计推断,使之运用到更多的数据类型和更广的研究领域中。     

“天地之正”与《庄子》自由思想的天道根据

对《庄子》自由思想的主观化解释取向,表现为解除自由与天理所表达的客观秩序的关联,通过去政治化方式达到对自由的审美化、境界化、心理化处理。这一解释取向有一定的合理性,但并不充分。充分理解《庄子》的自由思想,必须重视对《庄子》自由思想最核心的“天地之正”,后者关联着天道的视域。“天地之正”与“六气之辩”具有一定的张力,前者表现为万物各自遵循自身本性而呈现的自然秩序,而后者可以理解为这一秩序的某种偏离或变异。自由与“天地之正”的关联在于,它来自天道的自然秩序中的深层被动给予性,又以存在者自己的存在参与并承担这种给予性,完成这种给予性,也就是以自己的方式实现自己的“自然”。     

Unified syntax in the bilingual mind

Are syntactic representations shared across languages, and how might that inform the nature of syntactic computations? To investigate these issues, we presented French-English bilinguals with mixed-language word sequences for 200 ms and asked them to report the identity of one word at a post-cued location. The words either formed an interpretable grammatical sequence via shared syntax (e.g., ses feet sont big – where the French words ses and sont translate into his and are, respectively) or an ungrammatical sequence with the same words (e.g., sont feet ses big). Word identification was significantly greater in the grammatical sequences – a bilingual sentence superiority effect. These results not only provide support for shared syntax, but also reveal a fascinating ability of bilinguals to simultaneously connect words from their two languages through these shared syntactic representations.

     

Transference and attachment: how do attachment patterns get carried forward from one relationship to the next?

This research investigated how working models of attachment are carried forward from one relationship to the next. A two-part study was conducted in which participants learned about two potential dating partners: one that was constructed to resemble a romantic partner from their past and one that resembled a partner from another participant's past. Results showed that people applied their attachment representations of past partners to both targets but did so to a greater degree when the target resembled a past partner. People also tended to feel more anxious and less avoidant toward the target that resembled their past partner. Overall, the findings were consistent with the hypothesis that working models of attachment are transferred in both general and selective ways in new relationships.